Roles of Nitrogen and Carbohydrate in Floral-bud Formation in Pharbitis Apex Cultures

Parameters Necessary for In Vitro Hydroponic Pea Plantlet Flowering and Fruiting

“…Dickens and Van Staden (1988) suggest that lack of necessary inorganic salts, especially nitrogen, reduces reproductive activity in vitro. In contrast, lowering the salt levels stimulated Pharbitis plantlets to flower (Ishioka et al, 1991).…”

“…Similarly, 3 % sucrose has been found to be stimulatory in aiding flowering in other plants (Dickens & Van Staden 1988;Rastogi & Sawhney 1986). However, Ishioka et al, (1991) found that 7.5 % sucrose gave optimum flowering in Pharbitis plantlets. These diverse findings suggest that sucrose concentration greatly influences flowering and should be determined empirically for each species cultured.…”

“…Again this suggests that leaf number is related to flowering. Growth regulators have been found to be beneficial for flowering from immature tissue, organ and shoot cultures grown in vitro (Al-Juboory et al, 1991;Rastogi & Sawhney 1986;Ishioka et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991). In contrast, in this study, larger pea plantlets do not benefit either vegetatively or reproductively from inclusion of exogenous growth regulators.…”

“…Pea is a day-neutral plant and characteristically was unaffected by photoperiod treatments given in vitro. Shoot apices of Pharbitis, a short-day plant, were unaffected by the photoperiod employed in culture (Ishioka et al, 1991). However, short-day photoperiod was prerequisite for flowering of Kalanchöe blossfeldiana and soybean nodal sections (Dickens & Van Staden 1985;1988).…”

“…In prior studies, the production of fruits from flowers in vitro was achieved with a great degree of cultural manipulation (AlJuboory et al, 1991;Dickens & Van Staden 1985;1988;Ishioka et al, 1991;Pasqua et al, 1991;Rastogi & Sawhney 1986;Tisserat & Galletta 1993;1995). This study will investigate a number of the parameters which have been identified as considered important factors to promote flowering and fruiting reports.…”