Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis

Yu, Tao; Tang, Yidi; Zhang, Fenglan; Zhang, Leiming

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2022.05.004

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Notably, ginsenosides have been in focus as anti-inflammatory molecules. Ginsenosides modulate several inflammatory signals and pathways, including glucocorticoid receptors, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and antioxidants, resulting in a reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [12,13]. Also, the role of ginseng on inflammasomes has been extensively studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Sugar-Enriched Fraction of Korean Red Ginseng Extract Induces the Priming Step of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Ahn,

Lee

2024

Molecules

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Intracellular protein complexes, known as inflammasomes, activate caspase-1 and induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β and -18. Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) is a known immunomodulator and a potential candidate for the regulation of inflammasomes. The saponins, such as ginsenosides, of RGE inhibit inflammasome signaling, while non-saponin substances containing amino sugars promote the priming step, up-regulating inflammasome components (pro-IL-1β, NLRP3, caspase-1, and Asc). In this study, the amino sugar-enriched fraction (ASEF), which increases only non-saponin components, including amino sugars, without changing the concentration of saponin substances, was used to investigate whether saponin or non-saponin components of RGE would have a greater impact on the priming step. When murine macrophages were treated with ASEF, the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10) increased. Additionally, ASEF induced the priming step but did not affect the inflammasome activation step, such as the secretion of IL-1β, cleavage of caspase-1, and formation of Asc pyroptosome. Furthermore, the upregulation of gene expression of inflammasome components by ASEF was blocked by inhibitors of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Maltol, the main constituent of ASEF, promoted the priming step but inhibited the activation step of the inflammasome, while arginine, sugars, arginine–fructose–glucose, and fructose–arginine, the other main constituents of ASEF, had no effect on either step. Thus, certain amino sugars in RGE, excluding maltol, are believed to be the components that induce the priming step. The priming step that prepares the NLRP3 inflammasome for activation appears to be induced by amino sugars in RGE, thereby contributing to the immune-boosting effects of RGE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Sugar-Enriched Fraction of Korean Red Ginseng Extract Induces the Priming Step of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Ahn,

Lee

2024

Molecules

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“…Ginsenosides are also known as triterpenoid saponins and are divided into many categories. Among them are Rb1 (CAS: 41753-43-9) [ 51 ], Rb3 (CAS: 68406-26-8) [ 52 , 53 ], Rd (CAS: 52705-93-8) [ 54 ], Re (CAS: 52286-59-6) [ 55 ], Rg1 (CAS: 22427-390) [ 56 , 57 ], Rg5 (CAS: 186763-78-0) [ 58 ], Rg6 (CAS: 147419-93-0) [ 59 ], and Rh1 (CAS: 63223-86-9) [ 60 ] reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway to reduce inflammation and organ damage and improve the survival rate.…”

Section: Sterol Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Natural Small-Molecule Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis

Zhou

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Sepsis is a serious disease with high mortality and has been a hot research topic in medical research in recent years. With the continuous reporting of in-depth research on the pathological mechanisms of sepsis, various compounds have been developed to prevent and treat sepsis. Natural small-molecule compounds play vital roles in the prevention and treatment of sepsis; for example, compounds such as resveratrol, emodin, salidroside, ginsenoside, and others can modulate signaling through the NF-κB, STAT3, STAT1, PI3K, and other pathways to relieve the inflammatory response, immunosuppression, and organ failure caused by sepsis. Here, we discuss the functions and mechanisms of natural small-molecule compounds in preventing and treating sepsis. This review will lay the theoretical foundation for discovering new natural small-molecule compounds that can potentially prevent and treat sepsis.

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“…A common cascade including the cytoplasmic phosphorylation of I-κB, its subsequent ubiquitination and degradation, and the release as well as nuclear entry of NF-κB can be formed by these diverse signals. Ginsenosides work by stopping the breakdown of IκB, which keeps NF-κB in the cytoplasmic milieu where it cannot activate the transcription of pro-inflammatory proteins (Yu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenosides: An overview of its antiplatelet effects and its underlying mechanisms

Muhammad Junaid,

Ainy Butt,

Zakir Ali

et al. 2023

PHYTONutrients

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GINSENOSIDES, the principal constituent of plants from genus Panax, have been indicated in multitudinous of ailments by the Homos sapiens, for more than 2 millennia. Mostly and notably the ginsenosides, the mainstay of Chinese herbal system of medication, are harnessed for multifarious disorders viz. Neurodegenerative diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular abnormalities, Septic shock, inflammatory disorders, Obesity and most striking of all owing to the prevalent circumstances have to potential to manage, even treat COVID-19, albeit empirically. Whereas, considering the plant itself, it strikes to the researcher as perennial although, with significantly slow progress. The spectrum of the review encompasses the functional reach of the ginsenosides with special emphasis on the antiplatelet therapeutics, in conjunction with the notoriety and the prospect of the compounds in multitude of disorders. However, the mechanism on which the edifice, of the antithrombotic efficiency is contingent, is expressed with keen interest. Ultimately, the root or its extract, is evidenced to be sufficiently effective in curbing the foresaid ailments whether authenticated by systematic review, clinical trials, mechanistic patterns and animal investigations. Overall, the herb shows immense potential to be packaged into a unit dosage form and be brought in the prevalent market especially as an antithrombotic agent.

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Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

Amino Sugar-Enriched Fraction of Korean Red Ginseng Extract Induces the Priming Step of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Amino Sugar-Enriched Fraction of Korean Red Ginseng Extract Induces the Priming Step of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Research Progress on Natural Small-Molecule Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis

Ginsenosides: An overview of its antiplatelet effects and its underlying mechanisms

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