Roles of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in allergic diseases and allergen immunotherapy

Yao, Yin; Chen, Cailing; Yu, Di; Liu, Zheng

doi:10.1111/all.14639

Cited by 86 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(285 reference statements)

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“…There they engage with activated CD4 + T cells, likely Tfh or pre-GC Tfh cells rather than Th2 cells ( Figure 2B ). 52 , 53 , 85 The Tfh/B cell synapse and the fate decisions which follow likely represent a crucial moment in the generation of allergic MBCs and IgE. Naive B cells and Tfh cells interact using a variety of signals, including MHC-II:TCR, CD40/CD40L, ICOS/ICOSL, SAP/SLAM and various cytokine signals which activate the B cell ( Figure 2B ).…”

Section: Generation Of Allergen-specific Memory B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Koenig

Bruton

Phelps

et al. 2021

ITT

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Recent evidence has highlighted the critical role of memory cells in maintaining lifelong food allergies, thereby identifying these cells as therapeutic targets. IgG + memory B cells replenish pools of IgE-secreting cells upon allergen exposure, which contract thereafter due to the short lifespan of tightly regulated IgE-expressing cells. Advances in the detection and highly dimensional analysis of allergen-specific B and T cells from allergic patients have provided insight on their phenotype and function. The newly identified Th2A and Tfh13 populations represent a leap in our understanding of allergen-specific T cell phenotypes, although how these populations contribute to IgE memory responses remains poorly understood. Within, we discuss the mechanisms by which memory B and T cells are activated, integrating knowledge from human systems and fundamental research. We then focus on memory reactivation, specifically, on the pathways of secondary IgE responses. Throughout, we identify areas of future research which will help identify immunotargets for a transformative therapy for food allergy.

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Section: Generation Of Allergen-specific Memory B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Koenig

Bruton

Phelps

et al. 2021

ITT

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“…Naive B cells and Tfh cells interact using a variety of signals, including MHC-II:TCR, CD40/CD40L, ICOS/ICOSL, SAP/SLAM and various cytokine signals which activate the B cell ( Figure 2B). 71,84 Newly activated B cells adopt a transient CD38 + GL7 + phenotype that predates GC B cells or extrafollicular MBC differentiation ( Figure 2C). 85 Recent evidence suggests that CSR is initiated during early interactions at the T/B cell border, possibly during this intermediate stage,…”

Section: Generation Of Allergen-specific Mbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Koenig¹,

Bruton²,

Phelps³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Recent evidence has highlighted the critical role of memory cells in maintaining lifelong food allergies, thereby identifying these cells as therapeutic targets. IgG+ memory B cells replenish pools of IgE-secreting cells upon allergen exposure, which contract thereafter due to the short lifespan of tightly regulated IgE-expressing cells. Advances in the detection and highly dimensional analysis of allergen-specific B and T cells from allergic patients have provided insight on their phenotype and function. The newly identified Th2A and Tfh13 populations represent a leap in our understanding of allergen-specific T cell phenotypes, though how these populations contribute to IgE memory responses remains poorly understood. Within, we discuss the mechanisms by which memory B and T cells are activated, integrating knowledge from human systems and fundamental research. We then focus on memory reactivation; specifically, on the pathways of secondary IgE responses. Throughout, we identify areas of future research which will help identify immunotargets for a transformative therapy for food allergy.

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“…Second, IgE production requires 2 communication signals between T and B cells to convert Ig G to IgM, and IgM to IgE, in plasma cells. The first signal is the one discussed since it involves IL-4 and IL-13 and the second is the interface between CD40 B cells and the CD40 ligand of T cells (CD 154] [15,16]. This occurs due to an immunoglobulin isotype change that involves somatic recombination mediated by AID (activation induced by cytosine deaminase) [17].…”

Section: The Th 2 Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgE Diseases

González¹

2020

Clin Res Trials

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IgE production is a unique characteristic of mammals. Traditionally, the concept of allergy implied an abnormal response to an otherwise benign agent (eg, pollen or food), with an easily identifiable relationship between exposure and disease. However, there are syndromes in which the relationship between exposure to the relevant allergen and the "allergic" disease is not clear. In these cases, the presence of specific IgE antibodies can play an important role in identifying the relevant allergen and provide a guide to therapy. IgE is the antibody isotype found at the lowest concentration in the circulation. However, IgE can undeniably play an important role in mediating allergic reactions; best exemplified by the clinical benefits of anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies therapy for some allergic diseases. IgE has also been implicated in congenital diseases due to specific molecular defects and in autoimmune diseases behaving as a self-reactive immunoglobulin. This review will describe our current understanding of the interactions between IgE and its main receptors FcεRI and CD23 (FcεRII). We will review the known and potential functions of IgE in health and disease: in particular, its detrimental roles in allergic diseases and, its protective functions in host defense against parasites and venoms. Finally, we will present an overview of the drugs that are in clinical development or have therapeutic potential for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.

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Roles of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in allergic diseases and allergen immunotherapy

Cited by 86 publications

References 153 publications

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

IgE Diseases

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