Roles of Electrolyte Characterization on Bauxite Electrolysis Desulfurization with Regeneration and Recycling

Gong, Xuzhong; Wang, Zhi; Zhuang, Siyuan; Wang, Dong; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Mingyong

doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0841-4

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The X-ray diffractometer (XRD, model D8 ADVANCE, Bruker Co., Ltd., Romanshorn, Switzerland) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF, model Axios mAX, Malvern Panalytical Co., Ltd., Almelo, The Netherlands) analyses are given in Table 1 and Figure 1, respectively. Recently, many approaches have been used for the desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite, including pre-roasting [13][14][15], flotation [16][17][18], bioleaching desulfurization [19,20], electrolysis desulfurization [21][22][23], wet oxidation desulfurization [24] and desulfurization by precipitators [25][26][27]. These methods have disadvantages, such as a low desulfurization degree, a high cost and high SO2 emissions, so they have not been widely applied in the industry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many approaches have been used for the desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite, including pre-roasting [13][14][15], flotation [16][17][18], bioleaching desulfurization [19,20], electrolysis desulfurization [21][22][23], wet oxidation desulfurization [24] and desulfurization by precipitators [25][26][27]. These methods have disadvantages, such as a low desulfurization degree, a high cost and high SO 2 emissions, so they have not been widely applied in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flotation Decarbonization and Desulfurization of a High-Sulfur Bauxite in China

Zhu,

Teng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Minerals

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A high sulfur content is one of the challenges in the processing of refractory bauxites in China. The high carbon content of bauxite makes it more difficult to deal with. Desulfurization and decarbonization are the critical issues in the efficient exploitation of high-sulfur bauxite resources. An experimental study on the removal of sulfur and carbon in high-sulfur bauxite is proposed. The sulfur and carbon phases in high-sulfur bauxite were studied via X-ray diffraction and chemistry quantitative analyses. The results show that the sulfur phases in the high-sulfur bauxite mainly exist in the form of sulfide sulfur (pyrite), and the carbon phases in the sample mainly exist in the form of elementary substance carbon. The morphological features of pyrite in the high-sulfur bauxite were analyzed using a microscopic analysis and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pyrite exists in minerals in the forms of euhedral, semi-euhedral and other crystalline structures, with a particle size varying from several hundred microns to only a few microns. The raw ore, with a sulfur content of 4.78%, a sulfide sulfur content of 4.20%, a carbon content of 3.10% and an elementary substance carbon content of 2.46% goes through the “one roughing, one cleaning, two scavenging” process after a pre-decarburization, obtaining the total desulfurization recovery of 96.20% with a desulfurization tailing sulfur content of 0.38%, a carbon content of 0.27% and an alumina content of 71.85%, respectively. This work provides technical support for the efficient utilization of high-sulfur and high-carbon bauxite.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flotation Decarbonization and Desulfurization of a High-Sulfur Bauxite in China

Zhu,

Teng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…In this article, we applied the principle of orthogonal design to analyze the data space of precipitation start and finish times ( P s and P f , respectively) collected from published literatures. [ 8,18–30 ] The missing data are supplemented by making new steel grades and hot deformation experiments. Based on the orthogonally modified dataset, the ML was established in combination with theoretical modeling for SIP behavior of Nb micro‐alloyed steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Metallurgy Guided Machine Learning for Strain‐Induced Precipitation of Nb (C, N) Based on the Orthogonalized Small Data

Jiang

Cui

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Strain‐induced precipitation (SIP) plays an important role in controlling the microstructure and properties of micro‐alloyed steels during hot rolling. However, due to lack of systematic experiments, the existing precipitation data are scarce and insufficient for accurate modeling of SIP behavior with good extrapolation. Herein, the data space of Niobium Carbonitride (Nb(C,N)) SIP kinetics is analyzed based on principle of orthogonal design, and the missing points in the orthogonal space are identified and supplemented in addition to the available data. The parameters in models for precipitation start and finish times are optimized by using the precipitation–time–temperature curves through genetic algorithm, and their relationships with compositions and processing conditions are established by support vector machine. Based on the orthogonally modified dataset, the machine learning (ML) models outperform the classical and ML models with the original data in terms of accuracy and are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. By using the new ML modeling, the evolution behavior of Nb (C, N) during hot deformation is predicted and verified with transmission electron microscope, and the influences of Nb content in steel, strain, strain rate, and the sensitivity of compositions and processing conditions on precipitation kinetics are quantitatively analyzed.

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“…The proposed desulfurization methods can be primarily classified into sulfur removal in bauxite by pretreatment and solution desulfurization by additives. The desulfurization technologies for bauxite pretreatment reduce the sulfur entering the Bayer process system from the source, with main methods including roasting [13,14], flotation [15], electrolysis [16,17], microbiology [18], and microwave treatment [19]. It is difficult to achieve complete sulfur removal from bauxite in the pretreatment processes, resulting in the continuous accumulation of sulfur in the sodium aluminate solution during the Bayer process, and still requiring desulfurization of the solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Behavior of Kaolinite in Sulfur-Bearing Sodium Aluminate Solution under the Simulated Bayer Process

Niu,

Liu,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Processes

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Over a billion tons of high-sulfur bauxite has not been utilized effectively currently in China, because the pyrite existing in the bauxite poses a range of hazards during the Bayer process. A novel idea was proposed to remove sulfur by the silicon-containing minerals in bauxite reacting with sulfur species in sodium aluminate solution to form sulfur-bearing desilication products (SDSP) for discharge with the red mud in the Bayer process. This study investigated the reaction behavior between kaolinite and different sulfur-containing ions under the simulated Bayer process conditions, elucidating the desulfurization rate variation and formation mechanism of SDSPs. The thermodynamic calculations suggest that the reaction between kaolinite and sulfur-bearing sodium aluminate solution to form SDSPs can occur spontaneously. The experimental results demonstrated that various SDSPs can be produced through the reaction of kaolinite and sulfur-containing ions in sodium aluminate solution during the simulated Bayer process, resulting in various desulfurization efficiencies, while the desulfurization process will not result in additional alkali consumption. Increasing the kaolinite dosage, extending the reaction time, and elevating the reaction temperature all contribute positively to enhancing desulfurization efficiency. Kaolinite reacted with S2O32− in sodium aluminate solution to generate Na8Al6Si6O24S2O3·2H2O, achieving a desulfurization rate exceeding 90% under optimized conditions. Under the simulated Bayer digestion process conditions at elevated temperature, the desulfurization rates of kaolinite ranked in ascending order as S2− < SO32− < SO42− < S2O32−. Kaolinite reacted with SO42− and S2O32− to form cancrinite type SDSPs, and a superior desulfurization rate can be achieved. This work can provide a theoretical foundation and technological support for the efficient utilization of high-sulfur bauxite by the Bayer process.

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Roles of Electrolyte Characterization on Bauxite Electrolysis Desulfurization with Regeneration and Recycling

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Flotation Decarbonization and Desulfurization of a High-Sulfur Bauxite in China

Flotation Decarbonization and Desulfurization of a High-Sulfur Bauxite in China

Physical Metallurgy Guided Machine Learning for Strain‐Induced Precipitation of Nb (C, N) Based on the Orthogonalized Small Data

Reaction Behavior of Kaolinite in Sulfur-Bearing Sodium Aluminate Solution under the Simulated Bayer Process

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