Roles of dietary supplementation with arginine or N-carbamylglutamate in modulating the inflammation, antioxidant property, and mRNA expression of antioxidant-relative signaling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet (BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline (control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat (DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg (1%) (DT + Arg) or NCG (0.1%) (DT + NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT + Arg and DT + NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content (P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT + Arg and DT + NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress (P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).

Dietary supplementation of N‐carbamylglutamate and effects on growth, intestinal enzyme activities, immunological and antioxidant abilities of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

“…Arginine metabolites, such as antioxidant polyamines and glutathione, might exert beneficial effects on peroxidation protection (Igarashi & Kashiwagi, ). Antioxidative effects of arginine or NCG were also observed in studies conducted in other fish species (Liang et al, ; Wang et al, ), rats (Mo et al, ) and pigs (Wu et al, ). Decreased activity of SOD was observed in the fish fed 2,000 mg/kg NCG group compared to 250 and 500 mg/kg NCG groups.…”

“…Previous studies shown that dietary arginine plays an important role in protecting cell membranes and body from peroxidative damage by ROS in yellow catfish (Zhou et al, ). Recent evidences indicated that NCG can improve antioxidant property and mRNA expression of antioxidant‐relative signalling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress (Mo et al, ). In the present study, SOD, GSH‐Px and T‐AOC were significantly affected by the dietary NCG levels.…”

Dietary Supplementation of L-Arginine and N-Carbamylglutamate Attenuated the Hepatic Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Suckling Lambs with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

“…These results indicate that L-Arg and NCG could counteract the liver inflammatory response in IUGR suckling lambs. The anti-inflammatory effect of L-Arg and NCG has been previously described in rat spleen under oxidative stress [65]. The dietary administration of NCG has been shown to alleviate intestinal inflammation in the fish fed Arg-deficient diet [66].…”

“…The dietary administration of NCG has been shown to alleviate intestinal inflammation in the fish fed Arg-deficient diet [66]. In both studies, L-Arg and NCG modulated the anti-inflammatory response via regulating the mRNA expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines [65,66].…”

Microbial and metabolomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in general chronic periodontitis patients: lessons for a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach

“…Reactive oxygen species participate in periodontal destruction during inflammatory periodontal diseases. The imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant activity can be a key factor in the destructive effect of reactive oxygen species [45]. Considering the results, an increased antioxidant activity was observed in the GCF of periodontal individuals, as reflected by the increased concentration of N-carbamylglutamate.…”