Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

Bioactive peptides (BPs) are fragments of 2–15 amino acid residues with biological properties. Dietary BPs derived from milk, egg, fish, soybean, corn, rice, quinoa, wheat, oat, potato, common bean, spirulina, and mussel are reported to possess beneficial effects on redox balance and metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)). Peptide length, sequence, and composition significantly affected the bioactive properties of dietary BPs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various dietary protein-derived BPs exhibited biological activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, including Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element in oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator-activated-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 in obesity; insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetes; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension; and mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B in IBD. This review focuses on the action of molecular mechanisms of dietary BPs and provides novel insights in the maintenance of redox balance and metabolic diseases of human.

Tilapia skin peptides, a by-product of fish processing, ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by regulating inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis

“…Protein hydrolysate has recently attracted a lot of interest because of its biological activities, which may have the ability to improve human health and reduce illness risk (43,44). It is well known that the sequence of amino acids governs the different activities of bioactive peptides (7).…”

Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Human Health

“…Oat bran is a key by-product and accounts for approximately 50% of the weight of dry oat grains [ 147 ]. Oat bran also contains high-quality proteins such as β-glucan, saponin, albumin, prolamins, and glutelins that lower cholesterol levels ( Figure 13 ) [ 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 ]. To date, studies on oats mainly assessed the nutritional value and processing characteristics of oat grains or powder [ 13 , 42 , 55 ].…”

Novel Antioxidant Peptides Identified from Arthrospira platensis Hydrolysates Prepared by a Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. JS4-1 Extracellular Protease

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis of the dietary proteins generates BPs, which are short chains of 2–15 amino acids residues, can enhance nutritional value, safety, bioactive function and reduce the allergenicity [ 3 , 4 ]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BPs with antioxidant activity produced by proteolysis can achieve antioxidation by scavenging free radicals, chelating transition metals, and enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).…”

“…A disturbance of balance between oxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules derived from aerobic cellular metabolism; in the oxidative stress condition excessive production of ROS can disrupt the intracellular redox balance and cause numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative [ 4 ]. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that APs from protease hydrolysates can effectively scavenge free radicals or inhibit the production of ROS.…”