Roles of cytokinins in root growth and abiotic stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana

Wu, Yu; Liu, Huimin; Wang, Qing; Zhang, Genfa

doi:10.1007/s10725-021-00711-x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…More recent studies have also shown that cytokinins participate in stress response through regulation of downstream factors and crosstalk with other hormones ( Li et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). This signaling role could be relevant during electrotropism, especially since the transition zone has often been associated with signal integration in the root ( Baluška et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

et al. 2021

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Efficient foraging by plant roots relies on the ability to sense multiple physical and chemical cues in soil and to reorient growth accordingly (tropism). Root tropisms range from sensing gravity (gravitropism), light (phototropism), water (hydrotropism), touch (thigmotropism), and more. Electrotropism, also known as galvanotropism, is the phenomenon of aligning growth with external electric fields and currents. Although root electrotropism has been observed in a few species since the end of the 19th century, its molecular and physical mechanisms remain elusive, limiting its comparison with the more well-defined sensing pathways in plants. Here we provide a quantitative and molecular characterization of root electrotropism in the model system Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), showing that it does not depend on an asymmetric distribution of the plant hormone auxin, but instead requires the biosynthesis of a second hormone, cytokinin. We also show that the dose-response kinetics of the early steps of root electrotropism follows a power law analogous to the one observed in some physiological reactions in animals. Future studies involving more extensive molecular and quantitative characterization of root electrotropism would represent a step towards a better understanding of signal integration in plants and would also serve as an independent outgroup for comparative analysis of electroreception in animals and fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

et al. 2021

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“…Cytokinin is the most crucial hormone that plays a crucial role in the plant cell cycle and various developmental processes, including cell division, cell elongation, transportation of nutrients, root growth, and abiotic stress response ( Wu et al, 2021 ). In this study, the three derivatives of CK, tZ, tZR and DHZR were notably increased in the salt-tolerant genotype but decreased in the salt-sensitive genotype, suggesting that CK may play roles in bermudagrass root growth and salt stress tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic-specific hormonal reprogramming and crosstalk are crucial for root growth and salt tolerance in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

et al. 2022

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Salt stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting the productivity of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). However, the role of hormonal reprogramming and crosstalk in regulating root growth and salt tolerance in bermudagrass was not reported. Here, we examined the physiological and hormonal responses of two contrasting bermudagrass genotypes; ‘C43,’ salt-tolerant ‘C198’ salt-sensitive. Under salt stress, ‘C43’ had better membrane stability and higher photosynthetic activity than the ‘C198.’ Salt stress promoted root growth and improved root/shoot ratio and root activity in ‘C43,’ but the root growth of ‘C198’ was inhibited by salt stress, leading to diminished root activity. The two bermudagrass genotypes also showed critical differences in hormonal responses, especially in the roots. The root contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin derivatives, such as trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) were increased in ‘C43,’ but decreased in ‘C198’ when exposed to salt stress. The root growth rate was positively correlated with the root IAA, tZR and DHZR, indicating their crucial role in root growth under salt stress. The expressions of TAA/YUCCA and CYP735A involved in IAA and tZR biosynthesis were induced by salt stress in ‘C43,’ but inhibited in ‘C198,’ leading to reduced hormone accumulations. Salt stress decreased the iP, tZ, and DHZ content in the roots of both genotypes, and no significant difference was observed between the two genotypes. Salt stress reduced the content of GA3 in both genotypes by inhibiting GA20ox and GA2ox genes, which could be attributed to the reduced shoot growth in both genotypes. The increased ABA level by salt stress was significantly higher in ‘C198’ than ‘C43.’ Furthermore, there were positive and negative correlations between different hormones and root growth, suggesting that root growth could be regulated by complex hormonal reprogramming and crosstalk. This study provides a foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms of hormonal-mediated root growth and salt tolerance in bermudagrass.

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“…More recently, cytokinins have also been involved in stress response through regulation of downstream factors and through crosstalk with other hormones (Li et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021). This signalling role could be relevant during elecrotropism, especially since the transition zone has often been associated with signal integration in the root (Baluška et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

Salvalaio

Oliver

Tiknaz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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An efficient foraging strategy for plant roots relies on the ability to sense multiple physical and chemical cues in soil and to reorient growth accordingly (tropism). Root tropisms range from sensing gravity (gravitropism), light (phototropism), water (hydrotropism), touch (thigmotropism) and more. Electrotropism, also known as galvanotropism, is the phenomenon of aligning growth with external electric fields and currents. Although observed in a few species since the end of the 19th century, the molecular and physical mechanism of root electrotropism remains elusive, limiting the comparison to more defined sensing pathways in plants. Here we provide a first quantitative and molecular characterisation of root electrotropism in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana, showing that it does not depend on an asymmetric distribution of the plant hormone auxin, but that instead it requires the biosynthesis of a second hormone, cytokinin. We also show that the dose-response kinetics of root electrotropism follows a power law analogous to the one observed in common animal physiological reactions, suggesting universal properties. A full molecular and quantitative characterisation of root electrotropism would represent a step forward towards a better understanding of signal integration in plants, and an independent outgroup for comparative analysis of electroreception in animals and fungi.

show abstract

Roles of cytokinins in root growth and abiotic stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

Genotypic-specific hormonal reprogramming and crosstalk are crucial for root growth and salt tolerance in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis

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