Roles of Arginine Vasotocin Receptors in the Brain and Pituitary of Submammalian Vertebrates

Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia

“…Similarly, in lower vertebrates, such as birds, amphibians, and fish, Avpr1α, expressed in the central nervous system, determines sexual and reproductive behavior (27). In mammals, Avpr1α regulates the vasculature, Avpr1β is involved in aggression, social memory, and stress responsiveness, and Avpr2, localized primarily to the kidney, controls body water (27). Here, we show in parallel with Oxtrs, that Avpr1α and Avpr2 are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.…”

“…Oxtrs also have a widespread distribution in the central nervous system to control apatite, sexual function, and behavior (26). Similarly, in lower vertebrates, such as birds, amphibians, and fish, Avpr1α, expressed in the central nervous system, determines sexual and reproductive behavior (27). In mammals, Avpr1α regulates the vasculature, Avpr1β is involved in aggression, social memory, and stress responsiveness, and Avpr2, localized primarily to the kidney, controls body water (27).…”

Species, sex and individual differences in the vasotocin/vasopressin system: Relationship to neurochemical signaling in the social behavior neural network

“…The distribution of AVT receptors has been studied in fish(Moons and others, 1989; Kline and others, 2011; Lema and others, 2012; Huffman and others, 2012) and amphibians(Tripp and Moore, 1988; Boyd and Moore, 1991; Acharjee and others, 2004; Lewis and others, 2005; Hasunuma and others, 2010; Hasunuma and others, 2013) and birds (Voorhuis and others, 1988; Voorhuis and others, 1990; Goodson and others, 2006; Leung and others, 2009; Leung and others, 2011), but not yet in reptiles. The vast majority of data on the distribution of nonapeptide receptors, however, comes from mammals.…”

“…In mammals, four nonapeptide receptors have been identified: V1a, V1b, V2 and OT(Barberis and Tribollet, 1996; Caldwell and Young III, 2006; Hasunuma and others, 2013). These receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that have seven putative transmembrane domains and appear to be evolutionarily ancient.…”

Possible hormonal interaction for eliciting courtship behavior in the male newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster

“…The mRNA signals and immunoreactive cells for the V1a-type receptor have been identified in the various regions of the brain (Hasunuma et al, , 2013. It remains, however, to be investigated to point out the definite region(s) where AVT acts through its receptor to participate in the occurrence of the tail vibration behavior.…”