Role of Winter Annual Weeds as Alternative Hosts for Soybean Cyst Nematode

Johnson, William; Creech, J. Earl; Mock, Valerie A.

doi:10.1094/cm-2008-0701-01-rv

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Winter annual weeds have become prolific in United States agriculture because of the increased adoption of conservation tillage practices (Swagata et al 2009), widespread adoption of glyphosateresistant crops (Owen and Zelaya 2005), and the reduced use of residual herbicides (Shaner 2000). The impacts of winter annual weeds in cropping systems are often overlooked because these weeds complete their life cycle before, or at, crop sowing (Johnson et al 2008). However, dense mats of winter annual weeds may result in delayed soil warming in spring (Lee and Witt 2001), direct and indirect competition for water and nutrients during initial establishment of the main crop (Bernards and Sandell 2011), and difficult planting operations (Krausz et al 2003).…”

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“…Winter annual weeds are more susceptible to herbicide treatments in the fall or early spring, when they are small. During late spring, herbicide application may not result in the desired control if the weeds are at an advanced growth stage (Johnson et al 2008). Little research has focused on using the time of winter annual weed emergence to make weed management decisions (Cici and Van Acker 2009).…”

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Environmental Triggers of Winter Annual Weed Emergence in the Midwestern United States

et al. 2014

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Winter annual weeds are becoming prolific in agricultural fields in the midwestern United States. The objectives of this research were to understand the roles of soil temperature (daily average and fluctuation) and moisture on the emergence of nine winter annual weed species and dandelion and to develop predictive models for weed emergence based on the accumulation of modified thermal/hydrothermal time (mHTT). Experiments were established at Lincoln, NE; Mead, NE; and at two sites (irrigated and rainfed) near Clay Center, NE, in 2010 and 2011. In July of each year, 1,000 seeds of each species were planted in 15 by 20 by 6-cm mesh baskets installed between soybean rows. Soil temperature and water content were recorded at the 2-cm depth. Emerged seedlings were counted and removed from the baskets on a weekly basis until no additional emergence was observed in the fall, resumed in late winter, and continued until emergence ceased in late spring. Weather data were used to accumulatemHTT beginning on August 1. A Weibull function was selected to fit cumulative emergence (%) on cumulativemHTT (seven base temperature [Tbase] by six base water potential [Ψbase] by three base temperature fluctuation [Fbase] candidate threshold values = 126 models); it was also fit to days after August 1 (DAA1), for a total of 127 candidate models per species. The search for optimal base thresholds was based on the theoretic-model comparison approach (Akaike information criterion [AIC]). All three components (Tbase, Ψbase, andFbase) were only important for Virginia pepperweed. For downy brome and purslane speedwell, includingTbaseand Ψbaseresulted in the best fit, whereas for dandelion includingTbaseandFbaseresulted in the best fit. A model including onlyTbaseresulted in the best fit for most species included in this study (Carolina foxtail, shepherd's-purse, pinnate tansymustard, henbit, and field pansy). For field pennycress, the model based on DAA1 resulted in the best fit. Threshold values were species specific. Soil temperature was the major environmental factor influencing winter annual weed emergence. Even though soil moisture and often temperature fluctuation are essential for seed germination, ΨbaseandFbasewere not as critical in the predictive models as initially expected. Most seedlings (> 90%) of downy brome, pinnate tansymustard, Carolina foxtail, henbit, and field pansy emerged during the fall. Virginia pepperweed, purslane speedwell, dandelion, shepherd's-purse, and field pennycress seedlings emerged during both fall and spring. The results of this research provide robust information on the prediction of the time of winter annual weed emergence, which can help growers make better management decisions.

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Environmental Triggers of Winter Annual Weed Emergence in the Midwestern United States

et al. 2014

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“…Furthermore, winter annual weeds are more susceptible to herbicide treatments in the fall when they are small. During spring, herbicide application might not result in the desired control if these weeds are at an advanced growth stage (Johnson et al 2008), and SCN reproduction may no longer be prevented or reduced (Werle et al 2013).…”

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Likelihood of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots in Nebraska

et al. 2015

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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major soybean yield–limiting disease in the United States. Henbit, a winter annual species common to no-till fields in the midwestern United States, is known to act as an alternative host for SCN. A simulation was performed to estimate how likely SCN was to reproduce on henbit roots during a 30-yr period in two important soybean production areas of Nebraska. Simulations were conducted using published information on henbit seedling emergence, SCN reproduction on henbit roots, and SCN response to soil temperature. Results indicate that SCN would be able to complete one generation on henbit roots under Nebraska conditions. The SCN reproductive cycle was not likely to be completed before the winter in south central Nebraska, but one SCN generation was predicted to be completed in the fall in 2 out of 30 simulation years (7% likelihood) in southeast Nebraska. Based on our predictions, to reduce the chances of SCN population build-up in the absence of its main host (soybean), weed management in fields infested with both henbit and SCN should be completed after crop harvest in the fall when most henbit seedlings have emerged and are growing but the SCN developing on henbit roots have not yet achieved full maturity in Nebraska.

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“…Winter annual weeds are more susceptible to herbicide treatments in the fall when they are small, but herbicides should only be sprayed when environmental conditions are favorable for both operational application and foliar uptake Hasty et al 2004). During late spring, herbicide application might not result in desired control because these weeds are at an advanced growth stage (Johnson et al 2008). Also, Creech et al (2007b) found that the majority of SCN reproduction on winter annual weeds occurred during the fall.…”

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“…This suggests that fall management of winter annual weeds might be the most effective way to minimize potential reproduction of SCN on these weed species. Thus, failure to manage winter annual weeds could provide an additional niche for SCN to develop and increase its population density in the absence of soybean (Johnson et al 2008).…”

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Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

et al. 2013

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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.

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Role of Winter Annual Weeds as Alternative Hosts for Soybean Cyst Nematode

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Environmental Triggers of Winter Annual Weed Emergence in the Midwestern United States

Environmental Triggers of Winter Annual Weed Emergence in the Midwestern United States

Likelihood of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots in Nebraska

Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

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