Role of Water in the Intercalation of Kaolinite with Hydrazine

Frost, Ray L.; Kristóf, János; Paroz, Gina N.; Kloprogge, J. Theo

doi:10.1006/jcis.1998.5780

Cited by 96 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The IR analysis of the products formed during heating of the complex indicates that the first stage of mass loss mainly corresponds to the liberation of H20. This confirms the hypothesis of Frost et al (1998, and Ruiz Cruz and Franco (2000) that the complex with a basal spacing of 10.2-10.4 A contains both H20 and hydrazine in the interlayer, as well as the assumption by Ruiz Cruz and Franco (2000) that H20 and hydrazine are lost in separate stages.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This difference was related, at least in part, to the different basal spacings of the untreated dickite and kaolinite which were, respectively, 7.08 and 7.14 A. Moreover, the basal spacings of this type of intercalation complex seem to show some variation even in kaolinites, and values of 10.27-10.28 A have also been found in K-H complexes (Frost et al, 1998;Kloprogge et al, 1999). As in the case of the K-H complex, the presence of well-defined, non-basal reflections in the range 20 = 20-25 ~ suggests the formation of a three-dimensionally ordered intercalate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Intercalation of hydrazine in the interlayer of kaolin minerals has been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic methods (Weiss et al, 1963;Ledoux and White, 1966;Wada and Yamada, 1968;Range et al, 1969;Jackson and AbdelKader, 1978;Theng et al, 1984;Johnston, 1990;Johnston and Stone, 1990;Gfibor et aL, 1995;Frost et aL, 1998;Kloprogge et al, 1999;Krist6f et al, 1997Krist6f et al, , 1999Ruiz Cruz and Franco, 2000). Most of these studies involve the kaolinite-hydrazine (K-H) complex, and especially the characterization of kaolinites with various degrees of lattice disorder (e.g., Range et al, 1969;Fernfindez Gonzfilez et al, 1976;G~ibor et al, 1995;Kloprogge et al, 1999), whereas the dickitehydrazine (D-H) and nacrite-hydrazine (N-H) complexes have received less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal Decomposition of a Dickite-Hydrazine Intercalation Complex

Cruz

Franco

2000

Clays and clay miner.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract--The intercalation complex of a low-defect dickite from Tarifa, Spain, with hydrazine was studied by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetry (TG). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern obtained at room temperature indicated that the intercalation of hydrazine and H20 into dickite caused an increase of the basal spacing from 7.08 to 10.24 A, which is slightly lower than the 10.4-A spacing commonly observed after intercalation into kaolinite. Heating between 25-50~ produced a structural rearrangement of the complex, which decreased the basal spacing from 10.24 to 9.4 A, and the resulting 9.4-A complex was stable between 50-90~ Heating between 90-300~ caused a gradual reduction in spacing, which occurred through a set of intermediate phases. These phases were interpreted to be interstratifications of intercalated and non-intercalated layers. These changes were also observed by DTA and TG. Two main endothermic reactions and two main stages of mass loss, respectively, were indicated in the DTA and the TG curves in the temperature range 25-200~ This behavior suggests that intercalated molecules, hydrazine and H20, occupied well-defined sites in the interlayer of the dickite. The intercalated molecules were lost in an ordered fashion as confirmed by the infrared analysis of the decomposition products; H~O was lost in the first stage and ammonia was identified in the second stage. Above 300~ complete removal of the intercalated molecules restored the basal spacing of the dickite. However, the basal reflections were broadened, the relative intensities were changed, and changes in the dehydroxylation temperature indicated that the intercalation-desorption process induced some stacking disorder in the dickite structure.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal Decomposition of a Dickite-Hydrazine Intercalation Complex

Cruz

Franco

2000

Clays and clay miner.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This mineral has been previously characterised both by X-ray diffraction and by Raman spectroscopy (11,12). The kaolinite was purified through sedimentation and the 2-20 micra sized fraction was selected for intercalation.…”

Section: Intercalation Of Kaolinitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This part of the adsorbed reagent is connected a bit more strongly to the clay, most likely to the inner surfaces of the fully expanded mineral. Weakly bonded hydrazine can be connected to the siloxane layer through the hydrogen atoms, can be present as a space filler or can be inserted into the ditrigonal cavity of the siloxane layer (11,13). The mass loss stages between 69 and 91°C as well as between 91 and 140°C belong to strongly bonded hydrazine lost in equilibrium, but nonisothermal processes.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of Intercalation of Hydrazine into Kaolinite—A Controlled Rate Thermal Analysis and DRIFT Spectroscopic Study

Frost

Kristóf

Horváth

et al. 2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) allows the separation of adsorbed and intercalated hydrazine. CRTA displays the presence of three different types of hydrogen-bonded hydrazine in the intercalation complex (a) adsorbed loosely bonded on the kaolinite structure fully expanded by hydrazine-hydrate and liberated between approx. 50 and 70°C (b) The second intercalated-hydrazine is lost between approx. 70 and 85°C, (c) The third type of intercalated-hydrazine molecule is lost in the 85-130°C range. CRTA at 70 °C enables the removal of hydrazine-water and results in the partial collapse of the hydrazine-intercalated kaolinite structure to form a hydrazine-intercalated kaolinite. Removal of the adsorbed hydrazine enables the DRIFT spectra of the hydrazine-intercalation complex. A band at 3626 cm -1• Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (r.frost@qut.edu.au) 2 attributed to the inner surface hydroxyls of kaolinite hydrogen bonded to the hydrazine is observed. The intercalation of hydrazine-hydrate into kaolinite is complex and results from the different types of surface interactions of the hydrazine with the kaolinite surfaces.

show abstract