Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection

Ghavideldarestani, Maryam; Honardoost, Maryam; Khamseh, Mohammad E.

doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0355.v1

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Several suggest that vitamin D and its receptor may directly down-regulate the ACE2 receptor, thus, decreasing the risk of infection with COVID-19 [43][44][45][46]. By contrast, others suggest that vitamin D up-regulates ACE2 [47,48]. While this may play a role in helping to mitigate the later effects of COVID-19, it may lead to an increased infection risk.…”

Section: Possible Antiviral Action Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson’s Disease

2020

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While we are still learning more about COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding alternative and already available methods to reduce the risk and severity of the disease is paramount. One such option is vitamin D, in the form of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation, due to its potential antiviral properties. It has become apparent that older individuals have a greater risk of developing severe COVID-19, and compared to younger adults, the elderly have lower levels of vitamin D due to a variety of biological and behavioral factors. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), with advanced age being the single greatest risk factor. In addition to its immune-system-modulating effects, it has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing PD progression and improving PD-related quality of life. We completed a review of the literature to determine the relationship between vitamin D, PD, and COVID-19. We concluded that the daily supplementation of 2000-5000 IU/day of vitamin D 3 in older adults with PD has the potential to slow the progression of PD while also potentially offering additional protection against COVID-19.

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Section: Possible Antiviral Action Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson’s Disease

2020

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“…It also stimulates antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and human cathelicidin 32,33,36,37 with antiviral properties. Recent studies related to COVID-19 also indicate that vitamin D deficiency might be a risk factor not only for incidence 2,3 , but also for severity 4 5 and mortality [6][7][8] associated with COVID-19.…”

Section: Radiation and Covid-19 Deaths In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent observational and clinical studies show that vitamin D deficiency might be linked to incidence 2,3 , severity 4 5 and mortality [6][7][8] associated with COVID-19. Recent studies show that vitamin D and its primary source Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) may play a protective role in mitigating COVID-19 deaths 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Monsoon Season & UVB Radiation for COVID-19 in India Manuscript

Moozhipurath

Kraft

2020

Preprint

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Background: India has recorded 66,333 deaths over 36 administrative regions placing India third in the world after the US and Brazil for COVID-19 deaths as of 2 September 2020. Studies indicate that south-west monsoon season plays a role in the dynamics of contagious diseases, which tend to peak post-monsoon season. Recent studies show that vitamin D and its primary source Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) may play a protective role in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. However, the combined roles of the monsoon season and UVB in COVID-19 in India are still unclear. In this observational study, we empirically study the respective roles of monsoon season and UVB, whilst further exploring, whether monsoon season negatively impacts the protective role of UVB in COVID-19 deaths in India. Methods: We use a log-linear Mundlak model to a panel dataset of 36 administrative regions in India from 14 March 2020 - 8 August 2020 (n=4005). We use the cumulative COVID-19 deaths as the dependent variable. We isolate the association of monsoon season and UVB as measured by Ultraviolet Index (UVI) from other confounding time-constant and time-varying region-specific factors. Findings: After controlling for various confounding factors, we observe that the monsoon season and a unit increase in UVI are separately associated with 12.8 percentage points and 2.0 percentage points decline in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths in the long run. These associations translate into substantial relative changes. For example, the current monsoon season, that has been going on for two weeks, is associated with a reduction in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths of 59%, whereas a permanent unit increase of UVI is associated with a reduction in growth rates of COVID-19 deaths of 37%. However, the current monsoon season, also reduces the protective role of UVI by 16.3% [0.33 percentage points], plausibly due to lower UVB exposure. Interpretation: We find independent protective roles of both the monsoon season and UVI in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. Furthermore, we find evidence that monsoon season is associated with a significant reduction in the protective role of UVI. The protective role of monsoon season is plausibly due to limited outdoor activities of people. Our study outlines the role of the monsoon season and UVB in COVID-19 in India and supports health-related policy decision making in India.

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“…The binding of VDR also inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Lang & Aspinall, 2017). Vitamin D has been shown to inhibit the development of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and initiate the expression of regulatory T cells that suppress inflammation and defend against autoimmunity (Lang et al 2013;Ghavideldarestani et al 2020).…”

Section: Vitamin D Function In the Normal Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACE 2 converts angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7, which acts as a vasodilator with a regulatory role in the RAS. Vitamin D may suppress RAS activity via inhibition of renin and the ACE/Ang II/AT1R cascade (Ghavideldarestani et al 2020). In the absence of adequate 25 (OH)D serum concentration, this function can become less efficient, potentially contributing to effects such as increased inflammation and thrombotic events (Xu et al 2017).…”

Section: Vitamin D and Covid-19 Host Cell Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia implications for COVID-19 infection

Viani-Walsh

Kennedy-Williams

Taylor

et al. 2020

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a condition where vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent. This potentially offers a modifiable risk factor to reduce the risk for and the severity of respiratory infection in people with schizophrenia, although there is as yet no evidence regarding risk of Covid-19. In this narrative review, we describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia, report the research examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and Covid-19 and discuss the associations between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection, including its immunomodulatory mechanism of action.

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Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson’s Disease

Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson’s Disease

Implications of Monsoon Season & UVB Radiation for COVID-19 in India Manuscript

Vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia implications for COVID-19 infection

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