Role of vision in static balance in persons with and without visual impairments

Bednarczuk, Grzegorz; Wiszomirska, Ida; Rutkowska, Izabela; Skowroński, Waldemar

doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06425-x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The visual conditions and thresholds to the TIB were critical to the relative stable time within the boundaries between groups. In other studies, successive COP measurements were evident when considering visual conditions [ 36 , 37 ], and the significance of the visual effect was supported by our results in compensatory mechanisms of balance in the eyes-open condition. In addition, somatosensory dependency characteristics of postural control may compromise balance in older adults to compensate for errors and to stabilize the system [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling

Lee,

Sung

2024

Aging Clin Exp Res

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Background The unilateral stance test, measured by the center of pressure (COP), has been widely used to identify balance deficits. However, there is a critical gap in understanding the specific COP thresholds on postural stability in adults with a fear of falling (FOF). Aims To investigate the normalized stability time, which was defined as the ratio of time spent within stability boundaries to the total test duration, under different visual conditions and specific thresholds between adults with and without FOF. Methods Twenty-one older adults with FOF and 22 control subjects completed the unilateral limb standing test in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Normalized stability times were computed based on five pre-determined COP sway range thresholds: 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm. Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the diagnostic accuracy of FOF. There were significant differences in the effects of both visual conditions (F = 46.88, p = 0.001) and threshold settings (F = 119.38, p = 0.001) on stability time between groups. The FOF group significantly reduced normalized stability time at the 10 mm COP threshold under eyes-closed conditions (t = – 1.95, p = 0.03). Discussion The findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of the 10 mm COP threshold in identifying group variances in postural stability when eyes are closed. Moreover, the FOF group displayed a marked reduction in stability duration based on visual scenarios and normalized thresholds. Conclusion The study highlights the need to account for both COP boundaries and visual conditions in adults with FOF. When assessing postural control during unilateral stances, clinicians must also give attention to non-visual cues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling

Lee,

Sung

2024

Aging Clin Exp Res

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“…In a study of postural control in children and adolescents of different ages, Kiefer et al (2021) found that there was no difference in the length of the COP trajectory in the young group with eyes open, but the regularity of postural control in the eyes-closed state was higher than that in eyes-opened states. However, studies on the effects of vision on static balance had revealed that the static balance of college students in normal vision states was better than that of those eyes-closed ( Bednarczuk et al, 2021 ). In this study, COP data were only different in corrected vision and eyes-closed states, but there was no difference between COP data of myopia and those of other states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the postural stability of the lower limb in different visual states of undergraduate students with moderate myopia

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: To explore the characteristics of lower limb postural stability in undergraduates with moderate myopia in three different visual states.Methods: Twenty male undergraduate students were recruited to complete respectively the static and dynamic postural stability tests under eyes-closed, myopia (taking off their glasses immediately) and corrected vision conditions. A three-dimensional force platform (Bertec, United States) was used to test static postural stability, which calculated the total path length of the Center of Pressure (COP), path length in the antero-posterior (A/P) and medio-lateral (M/L) directions, COP area, SampleEntropy (SampEn), and low-, medium-, and high-frequency spectrum energies. Dynamic postural stability was tested using the Y-balance test, and the Y-balance test scores were calculated. The Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system (Oxford, United Kingdom) measured the maximum flexion angles of the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The electromyography (EMG) root mean square (RMS) and integral EMG (iEMG) of the tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius of the lower extremity were simultaneously measured using wireless surface electromyography (Noraxon, United States).Results: The SampEn-A/P and SampEn-M/L of corrected vision state higher than myopia and eyes-closed states, and myopia state larger than eyes-closed state (χ2 = 51.631, p < .001). The original and standard scores of the anterior, postero-medial and comprehensive values of the three visual states had significant differences (F = 32.125, p < .001). The original and standard values of postero-lateral corrected vision and myopia were larger than those of eyes-closed states (F = 37.972, p < .001). The maximum flexion angles of the ankle and knee joints were in the following order: corrected vision, myopia and eyes-closed (F = 10.93, p < .001). The iEMG and RMS had significant differences in the three different states (χ2 = 12.700, p < .001) in the all directions of YBT.Conclusion: Compared with corrected vision, the stability of static posture in the state of myopia was decreased, and the postural regularity was more regular. The dynamic postural stability in the state of myopia was also lower than that corrected vision, and the activation and work of ankle muscles were also increased.

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“…A recent study also found this test unreliable in people with intellectual disabilities [28]. Theoretically, balance is closely associated with the sensory system, particularly vision and hearing [41,42]. HI affects the development of balance due to damaged vestibular apparatus [43] and it could be difficult for people with HI to perform the one leg stand test with their eyes closed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment

et al. 2023

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Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test–retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital capacity, long distance run, sit-and-reach, one leg stand) were evaluated. All the tests showed high feasibility (completion rate > 90%). Six tests indicated good to excellent test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.75) while the one leg stand test showed poor reliability (ICC = 0.36). Relatively large percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were observed in the sit-and-reach test (SEM% = 52.4%, MDC% = 145.2%) and one leg stand test (SEM% = 107.9%, MDC% = 299.2%), whereas the rest of the tests demonstrated reasonable SEM% and MDC% values. Collectively, most of the tests can be feasibly and reliably used to assess HRPF for children and adolescents with HI.

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Role of vision in static balance in persons with and without visual impairments

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling

Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling

Characteristics of the postural stability of the lower limb in different visual states of undergraduate students with moderate myopia

Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment

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