Role of vasopressin, catecholamines, and plasma volume in hypertonic saline-induced hypertension

Hatzinikolaou, Peter; Gavras, Haralambos; Brunner, H.; Gavras, Irène

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1981.240.6.h827

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using a blood-perfused hindlimb preparation, these authors found that a vascular vasopressin antagonist produced a greater vasodilator effect in the denervated hindlimb compared to an innervated preparation. Hatzinikolaou et al 31 have also demonstrated the phenomenon in anephric animals administered hypertonic saline to increase arterial pressure. In these animals, arterial pressure was reduced by a specific pressor antagonist of vasopressin; however, it did not return to the prehypertensive infusion level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Contribution of vasopressin and the sympathetic nervous system in the early phase of high sodium one-kidney renal hypertension.

Hinojosa

Haywood

1984

Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY This study assessed the contributions of the sympathetic nervous system and arginine vasopressin to the onset of one-kidney, one-wrap (1K1VV) renal hypertension in rats fed a high sodium diet. Two weeks before renal wrap or sham wrap, rats were given a high sodium diet and water ad libitum. At 3 days postwrap, resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly greater in renalwrapped rats. The contributions of the sympathetic nervous system and vasopressin to blood pressure (BP) were assessed by ganglionic blockade and vascular vasopressin receptor antagonism, respectively. Depressor responses to ganglionic blockade were significantly greater in the normotensive rats as compared to the hypertensive rats. Administration of vasopressin antagonist caused a significant fall in pressure only in wrapped rats. In addition, enhanced pressor responses to bolus injections of vasopressin were observed in hypertensive rats. These results indicate that during this phase of the hypertension there is an activation of the vasopressin pressor system without an increase in neurogenic function. Equalization of arterial pressure occurred only when both systems were blocked, regardless of the order of blockade, which indicated that the sympathetic nervous system and vasopressin interact to maintain the hypertension. Comparison of depressor responses to the blocking agents revealed that the interaction is compensatory in nature since the contributions of the sympathetic nervous system and vasopressin to the maintenance of arterial pressure were greater when the other system was blocked. (Hypertension 6: 848-854, 1984) KEY WORDS • arterial pressure one-kidney, one-wrap hypertension vasopressin antagonist • ganglionic blockade T HE harmful effects of dietary sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension are under considerable debate, 1 " 3 but evidence favors the concept that predisposing factors are necessary for the level of arterial pressure to be sensitive to salt intake. 4 To study the contribution of sodium to hypertension, several experimental models have been developed that require a high sodium intake for the expression of increased arterial pressure. These high sodium models of hypertension include the deoxycorticosterone-saline (DOC-saline) model, the Dahl salt-sensitive strain of rats, and the reduced renal mass-saline model. Mohring et al. 3 and Korner et al. 6 have studied the effects of increases in sodium intake in chronically renal hypertensive animals. Their results indicated that elevated

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Contribution of vasopressin and the sympathetic nervous system in the early phase of high sodium one-kidney renal hypertension.

Hinojosa

Haywood

1984

Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We chose two rat models, one anephric, because in previous experiments we found that the plasma levels and pressor effects of catecholamines and AVP seemed to be very pronounced in nephrectomized animals, 8 and one with intact kidneys for comparison. Indeed, our present data indicate that levels of AVP were significantly higher in the anephric rats than in those with kidneys in situ (Groups 2 and 3 vs Groups 6 and 7 in table 1), which is compatible with knowledge of the kidney's participation in the clearance of AVP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of the sympathetic nervous system with vasopressin and renin in the maintenance of blood pressure.

Gavras¹,

Hatzinikolaou²,

North³

et al. 1982

Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY To evaluate the partial contributions and interaction of three vasopressor systems in blood pressure maintenance, nephrectomized rats and rats with intact kidneys were submitted sequentially to catecholamine depletion, elimination of vasopressin's vasoconstrictor action, and (for those with kidneys in situ) angiotensin blockade. Catecholamine depletion decreased blood pressure and stimulated vasopressin levels in all rats, but significantly more so in the anephric ones. Subsequent injection of an antagonist to the vasopressor effect of vasopressin produced a lasting fall of blood pressure in anephric rats, but only transient fall in those with intact kidneys. Infusion of teprotide -an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor -in the latter animals also produced transient blood pressure fall, but if this were followed by injection of the vasopressin antagonist, the pressure remained low for several hours. Blood pressure levels were closely correlated with those of plasma catecholamines throughout these maneuvers. Catecholamine levels were inversely correlated with those of plasma vasopressin, which were far greater in anephric rats through both stimulation and accumulation. Plasma renin activity was increasingly stimulated by falling blood pressure after each maneuver in rats with intact kidneys. Thus, it appears that in the resting state the sympathetic nervous system is more involved in the maintenance of blood pressure, whereas vasopressin and renin are important backup mechanisms. The present experiments were designed to evaluate the contribution of each one of these three vasopressor systems to the maintenance of normal blood pressure. Catecholamine depletion and bilateral nephrectomy were intended to produce conditions comparable -albeit extreme -to those likely to be encountered in the therapy of human hypertension, e.g., treatment with sympatholytic agents and advanced renal failure. Under these conditions, we studied the interaction and relationships of catecholamines, vasopressin, and the renin-angiotensin system.

show abstract

“…An increase in plasma osmolality induces several responses including an increase in sympathetic activity, blood pressure elevation, and the release of neurohormones, such as vasopressin and angiotensin II (Bealer 2000;Hatzinikolaou et al 1980Hatzinikolaou et al , 1981Stocker and Toney 2005;Weiss et al 1996). Part of these responses are mediated through activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) driven by the circumventricular organs in which central osmoreceptors are located (Antunes-Rodrigues et al 2004;Stocker et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ATP stimulates rat hypothalamic sympathetic neurons by enhancing AMPA receptor-mediated currents

Ferreira‐Neto

Antunes

Stern

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ferreira-Neto HC, Antunes VR, Stern JE. ATP stimulates rat hypothalamic sympathetic neurons by enhancing AMPA receptormediated currents. J Neurophysiol 114: 159 -169, 2015. First published April 22, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.01011.2014.-We have previously shown that ATP within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) induces an increase in sympathetic activity, an effect attenuated by the antagonism of P2 and/or glutamatergic receptors. Here, we evaluated precise cellular mechanisms underlying the ATP-glutamate interaction in the PVN and assessed whether this receptor coupling contributed to osmotically driven sympathetic PVN neuronal activity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings obtained from PVN-rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons showed that ATP (100 M, 1 min, bath applied) induced an increase in firing rate (89%), an effect blocked by kynurenic acid (1 mM) or 4-[[4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]azo]-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PPADS) (10 M). Whereas ATP did not affect glutamate synaptic function, ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated currents evoked by focal application of AMPA (50 M, n ϭ 13) were increased in magnitude by ATP (AMPA amplitude: 33%, AMPA area: 52%). ATP potentiation of AMPA currents was blocked by PPADS (n ϭ 12) and by chelation of intracellular Ca 2ϩ (BAPTA, n ϭ 10). Finally, a hyperosmotic stimulus (mannitol 1%, ϩ55 mosM, n ϭ 8) potentiated evoked AMPA currents (53%), an effect blocked by PPADS (n ϭ 6). Taken together, our data support a functional stimulatory coupling between P2 and AMPA receptors (likely of extrasynaptic location) in PVN sympathetic neurons, which is engaged in response to an acute hyperosmotic stimulus, which might contribute in turn to osmotically driven sympathoexcitatory responses by the PVN.ATP; ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid; paraventricular nucleus; rostral ventrolateral medulla; hyperosmolarity BODY FLUID HOMEOSTASIS is tightly regulated by the integration of renal, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine systems (Share and Claybaugh 1972). An increase in plasma osmolality induces several responses including an increase in sympathetic activity, blood pressure elevation, and the release of neurohormones, such as vasopressin and angiotensin II (Bealer 2000;Hatzinikolaou et al. 1980Hatzinikolaou et al. , 1981Stocker and Toney 2005;Weiss et al. 1996). Part of these responses are mediated through activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) driven by the circumventricular organs in which central osmoreceptors are located (Antunes-Rodrigues et al. 2004;Stocker et al. 2008). The PVN is composed of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. Magnocellular neurons synthesize and release vasopressin and oxytocin systemically from the posterior pituitary, whereas parvocellular neurons project to premotor sympathoexcitatory neurons located either in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and/or intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord.Several neurotransmitters in t...

show abstract

Role of vasopressin, catecholamines, and plasma volume in hypertonic saline-induced hypertension

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Contribution of vasopressin and the sympathetic nervous system in the early phase of high sodium one-kidney renal hypertension.

Contribution of vasopressin and the sympathetic nervous system in the early phase of high sodium one-kidney renal hypertension.

Interaction of the sympathetic nervous system with vasopressin and renin in the maintenance of blood pressure.

ATP stimulates rat hypothalamic sympathetic neurons by enhancing AMPA receptor-mediated currents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About