Role of Vanadium in Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Association with Immune‐Related Inflammation and Pharmacotoxicology Mechanisms

Abstract

Over the last decade, a diverse spectrum of vanadium compounds has arisen as anti-inflammatory therapeutic metallodrugs targeting various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that select well-defined vanadium species are involved in many immune-driven molecular mechanisms that regulate and influence immune responses. In addition, advances in cell immunotherapy have relied on the use of metallodrugs to create a “safe,” highly regulated, environment for optimal control of immune response. Emerging findings include optimal regulation of B/T cell signaling and expression of immune suppressive or anti-inflammatory cytokines, critical for immune cell effector functions. Furthermore, in-depth perusals have explored NF-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling mechanisms in order to enhance adaptive immune responses and promote recruitment or conversion of inflammatory cells to immunodeficient tissues. Consequently, well-defined vanadium metallodrugs, poised to access and resensitize the immune microenvironment, interact with various biomolecular targets, such as B cells, T cells, interleukin markers, and transcription factors, thereby influencing and affecting immune signaling. A synthetically formulated and structure-based (bio)chemical reactivity account of vanadoforms emerges as a plausible strategy for designing drugs characterized by selectivity and specificity, with respect to the cellular molecular targets intimately linked to immune responses, thereby giving rise to a challenging field linked to the development of immune system vanadodrugs.

Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective

“…Mitomycin C has also been shown to inhibit B cell, T cell, and macrophage proliferation in vitro and impair antigen presentation, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. Vanadium oxide, an activator of STAT-1, involved in immuneregulating mechanisms, including immune suppression and inflammation downregulation by stimulating and activating B/T cells.3 [69,70]…”

Intrasurgical Protein Layer on Titanium Arthroplasty Explants: From the Big Twelve to the Implant Proteome

“…Data from the literature show that abundant protein albumin and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can influence corrosion and metal release in Ti6Al4V implants . Especially V 4+ /V 5+ ions might influence osteoclasts, have an insulin and growth factor mimicking action, and can modify inflammatory responses . The strong consistency of our data demonstrate that the implant proteome is different from the plasma proteome.…”

Evaluating the effects of vanadyl sulfate on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal tissue of rats with diabetes type 2

“…Using insulin signaling regulation, Liu and colleagues introduced a new complex of vanadium that resulted in improved performance of diabetic kidney rats. (Tsave et al, 2016). Other authors have also described new findings from various studies about the complex effects of insulin-mimetic vanadium in diabetic rodents (Pelletier et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2016).…”