Role of underappreciated vectors in malaria transmission in an endemic region of Bangladesh-India border

Al-Amin, Hasan Mohammad; Elahi, Rubayet; Mohon, Abu Naser; Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel; Chakma, Sumit; Lord, Jennifer; Khan, Wasif Ali; Haque, Rashidul; Norris, Douglas E.; Alam, Mohammad Shafiul

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0803-8

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, it has been reported that the K13-propeller mutations in P. falciparum reached high prevalence in Myanmar, next to the northwestern border with India [27]. Such emergence of artemisinin resistance to P. falciparum strains in neighbouring India and Myanmar could be transmitted through malaria vectors active in remote border areas of Bangladesh [28, 29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in malaria prevalence and increase in malaria awareness in endemic districts of Bangladesh

Alam

Kabir

Hossain

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria is endemic in 13 districts of Bangladesh. A baseline malaria prevalence survey across the endemic districts of Bangladesh was conducted in 2007, when the prevalence was reported around 39.7 per 1000 population. After two rounds of Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM)-funded intervention by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and a BRAC-led NGO consortium, a follow-up survey was conducted across the malaria-endemic districts of Bangladesh to measure the change in prevalence rate and in people’s knowledge of malaria.MethodsThe survey was carried out from August to November 2013 in 70 upazilas (sub-districts) of 13 malaria-endemic districts of Bangladesh, following the same multi-stage cluster sampling design and the same number of households enrolled during the baseline prevalence survey in 2007, to collect 9750 randomly selected blood samples. For on-the-spot diagnosis of malaria, a rapid diagnostic test was used. The household head or eldest person available was interviewed using a pre-coded structured questionnaire to collect data on the knowledge and awareness of malaria in the household.ResultsBased on a weighted calculation, the overall malaria prevalence was found to be 1.41 per 1000 population. The proportion of Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection was 77.78% while both Plasmodium vivax mono-infection and mixed infection of the two species were found to be 11.11%. Bandarban had the highest prevalence (6.67 per 1000 population). Knowledge of malaria signs, symptoms and mode of transmission were higher in the follow-up survey (97.26%) than the baseline survey. Use of bed nets for prevention of malaria was found to be high (90.15%) at respondent level. People’s knowledge of selected parameters increased significantly during the follow-up survey compared to the baseline survey conducted in 2007.ConclusionsA reduced prevalence rate of malaria and increased level of knowledge were observed in the present malaria prevalence survey in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in malaria prevalence and increase in malaria awareness in endemic districts of Bangladesh

Alam

Kabir

Hossain

et al. 2016

Malar J

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“…were found to be responsible for malaria transmission in CHT among those Anopheles jeyporiensis, An. maculatus , Anopheles vagus and Anopheles nivipes might be playing important roles [ 6 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis demonstrates high prevalence of chloroquine resistance but no evidence of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

Alam

Ley

Nima

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundArtemisinin resistance is present in the Greater Mekong region and poses a significant threat for current anti-malarial treatment guidelines in Bangladesh. The aim of this molecular study was to assess the current status of drug resistance in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh near the Myanmar border.MethodsSamples were obtained from patients enrolled into a Clinical Trial (NCT02389374) conducted in Alikadam, Bandarban between August 2014 and January 2015. Plasmodium falciparum infections were confirmed by PCR and all P. falciparum positive isolates genotyped for the pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y markers. The propeller region of the kelch 13 (k13) gene was sequenced from isolates from patients with delayed parasite clearance.ResultsIn total, 130 P. falciparum isolates were available for analysis. The pfcrt mutation K76T, associated with chloroquine resistance was found in 81.5% (106/130) of cases and the pfmdr1 mutation N86Y in 13.9% (18/130) cases. No single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in the k13 propeller region.ConclusionThis study provides molecular evidence for the ongoing presence of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum in Bangladesh, but no evidence of mutations in the k13 propeller domain associated with artemisinin resistance. Monitoring for artemisinin susceptibility in Bangladesh is needed to ensure early detection and containment emerging anti-malarial resistance.

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“…Thus, much of the exposure to malaria of these daytime travellers was likely not inside the forest. In this area, as in much of Southeast Asia, many of the malaria vectors that bite during the day are known to be present outdoors near the peripheries of villages, forest fringes and fragmented forest areas [54][55][56]. In addition to protection of forest goers, it is thus important to also protect this group of daytime travellers from infection during their workrelated travel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the travel patterns of people with malaria in Bangladesh

Sinha

Sayeed

Uddin

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background: Spread of malaria and antimalarial resistance through human movement present major threats to current goals to eliminate the disease. Bordering the Greater Mekong Subregion, southeast Bangladesh is a potentially important route of spread to India and beyond, but information on travel patterns in this area are lacking.Methods: Using a standardised short survey tool, 2090 patients with malaria were interviewed at 57 study sites in 2015-2016 about their demographics and travel patterns in the preceding 2 months. Results: Most travel was in the south of the study region between Cox's Bazar district (coastal region) to forested areas in Bandarban (31% by days and 45% by nights), forming a source-sink route. Less than 1% of travel reported was between the north and south forested areas of the study area. Farmers (21%) and students (19%) were the top two occupations recorded, with 67 and 47% reporting travel to the forest respectively. Males aged 25-49 years accounted for 43% of cases visiting forests but only 24% of the study population. Children did not travel. Women, forest dwellers and farmers did not travel beyond union boundaries. Military personnel travelled the furthest especially to remote forested areas. Conclusions:The approach demonstrated here provides a framework for identifying key traveller groups and their origins and destinations of travel in combination with knowledge of local epidemiology to inform malaria control and elimination efforts. Working with the NMEP, the findings were used to derive a set of policy recommendations to guide targeting of interventions for elimination.

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Role of underappreciated vectors in malaria transmission in an endemic region of Bangladesh-India border

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Reduction in malaria prevalence and increase in malaria awareness in endemic districts of Bangladesh

Reduction in malaria prevalence and increase in malaria awareness in endemic districts of Bangladesh

Molecular analysis demonstrates high prevalence of chloroquine resistance but no evidence of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

Mapping the travel patterns of people with malaria in Bangladesh

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