Role of Transvaginal Sonography in the Diagnosis of Female Infertility: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Female infertility, a complex and emotionally challenging condition, impacts millions of women worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for tailoring effective solutions to overcome fertility challenges. Transvaginal sonography, a real-time and non-invasive imaging modality, is pivotal in this diagnostic process. This review focuses on the structural abnormalities of the female reproductive system related to female infertility, particularly highlighting the capabilities of transvaginal sonography in assessing ovulatory disorders, structural anomalies, endometrial conditions, ovarian reserve, and other contributing factors. It is important to note that while transvaginal sonography excels in detecting structural abnormalities, it may not effectively identify lifestyle and hormonal changes. This limitation underscores the necessity for a comprehensive diagnostic approach that includes additional modalities to address the multifaceted nature of female infertility. Despite acknowledging the inherent limitations and operator dependence of transvaginal sonography, we emphasize its significance in guiding clinicians toward wellinformed decisions and personalized treatment plans. Looking forward, we anticipate the continual evolution of sonographic technology, offering enhanced diagnostic capabilities. The commitment to improving fertility outcomes for individuals and couples navigating the intricate path toward parenthood remains paramount. In conclusion, a holistic diagnostic approach incorporating various modalities is essential for a thorough understanding and effective management of female infertility.

Retrospective Analysis of Effective Management Strategies for Primary Amenorrhea of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia

“…Genetic testing might be necessary to detect chromosomal abnormalities linked to primary amenorrhea [ 16 , 17 ], while imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI can assist in evaluating the structure of the reproductive system. Hormonal tests and dynamic testing can also be used to assess the endocrine system and detect hormonal imbalances [ 18 ]. Primary amenorrhea often requires a collaborative approach from gynecologists, endocrinologists, geneticists, and other experts to address the various underlying factors [ 1 , 19 , 20 ].…”