Role of toxin producing phytoplankton on a plankton ecosystem

Plankton nutrient interaction model with effect of toxin in presence of modified traditional Holling Type II functional response

“…Several scientists have discussed the role of competition in phytoplankton population for the occurrence and control of plankton bloom and the effect of toxin on nutrient-phytoplanktonzooplankton (NPZ) model (Bairagi, Pal, Chatterjee, and Chattopadhyay, 2008;Chakraborty, Bhattacharya, Feudel, and Chattopadhyay, 2012;Chatterjee, Pal, and Chatterjee, 2011;Mukhopadhyay and Bhattacharyya, 2005;Pal, Chatterjee, and Chattopadhyay, 2007). The adverse effect on plankton ecosystem model and downward movement of the equilibrium level of zooplankton biomass due to presence of toxin have been examined by Khare, Misra, and Dhar (2010). As stated by Banerjee and Venturino (2011), the toxic phytoplankton don't lead the zooplankton population to become extinct in plankton marine ecosystem.…”

Complex Dynamics in a Harvested Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Model with Seasonality

“…Some of these models seek to contain as many as physical and biological mechanisms. In recent years, there is a growing explicit biological physiological body of evidence [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in marine ecosystem, where nutrient recycling is considered and authors have dealt with a nutrient-plankton model in an aquatic environment in the context of phytoplankton bloom. In [4], infective disease among phytoplankton is considered and dynamical behavior of nutrient-phytoplankton population is investigated.…”

Modelling the Effects of Competing Toxin Producing Phytoplankton on a Zooplankton Population: Role of Holling Type-II Functional Response with Time-Lag

“…Plankton model is a kind of ecological model and different plankton models have been established and studied, previously [8,9]. There are several papers in which attempts have been made to establish the role of different hydrological parameters in the formation of plankton blooms and then look for a suitable form of functional response to describe the reduction of zooplankton population due to toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP), for example, see [1,2,10,11]. Reduction of grazing pressure of zooplankton due to release of to xic substances by phytoplankton is one of the most vital parameter in this context [12,13].…”

“…If one of the above mentioned conditions is violated then the system wou ld beco me unstable around the positive interior equilibriu m E*. Now, we will study the Hopf-bifurcat ion [11,25,26] of the system of Equations (4)- (6) taking ρ 2 as the bifurcation parameter. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the Hopf-bifurcation for …”

“…and T 2 determines the period of the bifurcating periodic solutions, the period increases (decreases) if T 2 > 0 (T 2 < 0). Now we will study the Hopf-bifurcation [25,11,26] On separating the real and imaginary parts and eliminating v between real and imaginary parts, we get …”