Role of thyroid hormone homeostasis in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet

Xia, Shufang; Duan, Xiaoling; Hao, Li-Yue; Li, Liting; Cheng, Xiang‐Rong; Xie, Zhengjun; Qiao, Yi; Li, Lirong; Tang, Xue; Shi, Yonghui; Li, Guowei

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.12.010

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the other hand, BF muscle showed enriched pathways involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism ( LXR/RXR Activation , VDR/RXR Activation , Atherosclerosis Signaling , FXR/RXR Activation and biosynthesis of retinoids , bile acids and thyroid hormone ; [115–118]), in agreement with the enrichment of efflux of cholesterol in BF muscle. This suggests a more active lipid metabolism in BF muscle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism

Ayuso

Fernández²,

Núñez³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Iberian pig production includes purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) pigs, which show important differences in growth, fattening and tissue composition. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic type and muscle (Longissimus dorsi (LD) vs Biceps femoris (BF)) on gene expression and transcriptional regulation at two developmental stages. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU piglets were slaughtered at birth, and seven IB and 10 IBxDU at four months of age (growing period). Carcass traits and LD intramuscular fat (IMF) content were measured. Muscle transcriptome was analyzed on LD samples with RNA-Seq technology. Carcasses were smaller in IB than in IBxDU neonates (p < 0.001), while growing IB pigs showed greater IMF content (p < 0.05). Gene expression was affected (p < 0.01 and Fold change > 1.5) by the developmental stage (5,812 genes), muscle type (135 genes), and genetic type (261 genes at birth and 113 at growth). Newborns transcriptome reflected a highly proliferative developmental stage, while older pigs showed upregulation of catabolic and muscle functioning processes. Regarding the genetic type effect, IBxDU newborns showed enrichment of gene pathways involved in muscle growth, in agreement with the higher prenatal growth observed in these pigs. However, IB growing pigs showed enrichment of pathways involved in protein deposition and cellular growth, supporting the compensatory gain experienced by IB pigs during this period. Moreover, newborn and growing IB pigs showed more active glucose and lipid metabolism than IBxDU pigs. Moreover, LD muscle seems to have more active muscular and cell growth, while BF points towards lipid metabolism and fat deposition. Several regulators controlling transcriptome changes in both genotypes were identified across muscles and ages (SIM1, PVALB, MEFs, TCF7L2 or FOXO1), being strong candidate genes to drive expression and thus, phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Many of the identified regulators were known to be involved in muscle and adipose tissues development, but others not previously associated with pig muscle growth were also identified, as PVALB, KLF1 or IRF2. The present study discloses potential molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences observed between IB and IBxDU pigs and highlights candidate genes implicated in these molecular mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism

Ayuso

Fernández²,

Núñez³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Likewise, mice fed a high fat diet for 7-20 weeks have an activated HPT axis, with higher hypothalamic Trh mRNA levels, and serum TSH concentration than mice on a control diet. This study also indicates that deiodinases activities adjust in tissue, time and obesitytendency specific ways, contributing to metabolic responses to DIO (Xia et al 2015).…”

Section: Positive Energy Balancesupporting

confidence: 54%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: TRH, the first hypophysiotropic releasing hormone isolated: control of the pituitary–thyroid axis

Joseph‐Bravo

Jaimes-Hoy

Uribe

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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This review presents the findings that led to the discovery of TRH and the understanding of the central mechanisms that control hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) activity. The earliest studies on thyroid physiology are now dated a century ago when basal metabolic rate was associated with thyroid status. It took over 50 years to identify the key elements involved in the HPT axis. Thyroid hormones (TH: T 4 and T 3 ) were characterized first, followed by the semi-purification of TSH whose later characterization paralleled that of TRH. Studies on the effects of TH became possible with the availability of synthetic hormones. DNA recombinant techniques permitted the identification of all the elements involved in the HPT axis, including their mode of regulation. Hypophysiotropic TRH neurons, which control the pituitary-thyroid axis, were identified among other hypothalamic neurons which express TRH. Three different deiodinases were recognized in various tissues, as well as their involvement in cell-specific modulation of T 3 concentration. The role of tanycytes in setting TRH levels due to the activity of deiodinase type 2 and the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme was unraveled. TH-feedback effects occur at different levels, including TRH and TSH synthesis and release, deiodinase activity, pituitary TRH-receptor and TRH degradation. The activity of TRH neurons is regulated by nutritional status through neurons of the arcuate nucleus, which sense metabolic signals such as circulating leptin levels. Trh expression and the HPT axis are activated by energy demanding situations, such as cold and exercise, whereas it is inhibited by negative energy balance situations such as fasting, inflammation or chronic stress. New approaches are being used to understand the activity of TRHergic neurons within metabolic circuits. A historical perspective on the hypothalamic control of the thyroid axisThe advancement of any scientific field requires the combination of creative new ideas with the development of technologies and knowledge in related areas; understanding the function of the hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid axis (HPT) is no exception (Figs 1 and 2). Since the end of the 19th century, European physicians and surgeons associated neck swelling (thyroid enlargement, goiter), with iodine deficiency, cretinism, and myxoedema, This paper is part of a thematic review section on 60 years of neuroendocrinology. The Guest Editors for this section were Ashley Grossman and Clive Coen defining hypothyroid conditions. Magnus-Levy (1895) was the first to demonstrate that respiratory metabolism was increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in myxoedema. Indirect calorimetry allowed measurements of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evaluation of thyroid activity in clinical practice (Du Bois & Du Bois 1915, Harris & Benedict 1918. Soon it was recognized that stressful conditions such as fever, acidosis, or starvation modify BMR (Rowe 1920). In 1919, levothyroxine (3,3 0 ,5,5 0 -tetraiodothyronine or T 4 ) was characterized, and then ...

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“…Indeed, there are a number of pharmaceutical therapies effective for the comorbidities typically associated with obesity, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, which may be effective in treating the metabolic dysfunction associated with MUHNW [81–85]. There are also dietary and exercise therapies generally recommended for obesity which may benefit this phenotype as well [86–91].…”

Section: Treatments and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

2016

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Role of thyroid hormone homeostasis in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism

Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: TRH, the first hypophysiotropic releasing hormone isolated: control of the pituitary–thyroid axis

Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

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