Role of Thermophilic Microflora in Composting

Rawat, Seema; Johri, B. N.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5899-5_5

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The high removal of oxytetracycline during the composting process was due to the biological activity and high temperatures, which significantly accelerate OTC degradation [48]. Abiotic and biotic mechanisms were responsible for OTC removal during manure composting with total removal >90% [32,33,35,88,89]. The degradation constant (K) was 0.02 to 0.067 d −1 in pig manure and 0.02 to 0.052 d −1 in cow manure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Arsenic and Copper Bioavailability and Oxytetracycline Degradation during the Composting Process

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research focuses on the effects of the composting process on oxytetracycline antibiotic degradation and the bioavailability of arsenic and copper. A compost experiment was conducted using cow and pig manure contaminated with oxytetracycline, and copper and arsenic salts. The changes in physicochemical properties, oxytetracycline concentration, and the germination index were measured. Copper and arsenic were estimated by sequential chemical extraction. We also detected the effects of compost properties, oxytetracycline concentration, and heavy metal (loid)s on the germination index through simple regression analysis. The results showed that the composting process positively and significantly affected heavy metal(loid)s bioavailability, oxytetracycline degradation, and the germination index. Oxytetracycline concentration declined in all treatments, and the decline was more evident in cows’ manure. The copper and arsenic bioavailable fraction decreased significantly, while the low bioavailability fraction increased. The germination index increased above 50%, which showed that the compost was free of toxic substances. This result also showed that the compost properties had the most significant impact on the germination index, and their regression had the highest R2 values (0.84 and 0.99) in the cow and pig manure treatments, respectively. In conclusion, the composting process provides an economical method for oxytetracycline degradation and heavy metal(loid)s bioavailability reduction.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Arsenic and Copper Bioavailability and Oxytetracycline Degradation during the Composting Process

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Composting is a self-heating, aerobic, and biodegradation process that supplies humus and nutrients to the soil (Rawat and Johri, 2013 ). The composting involves the synergistic action of bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi, wherein the actinobacteria proliferate in the later stages of composting.…”

Section: Thermophilic and Thermotolerant Actinobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophilic and alkaliphilic Actinobacteria: biology and potential applications

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbes belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria are prolific sources of antibiotics, clinically useful bioactive compounds and industrially important enzymes. The focus of the current review is on the diversity and potential applications of thermophilic and alkaliphilic actinobacteria, which are highly diverse in their taxonomy and morphology with a variety of adaptations for surviving and thriving in hostile environments. The specific metabolic pathways in these actinobacteria are activated for elaborating pharmaceutically, agriculturally, and biotechnologically relevant biomolecules/bioactive compounds, which find multifarious applications.

show abstract

“…Thermophilic composting piles reach very hot temperatures, typically 60–70°C, within a few days of pile construction and may remain above 55 o C for a month or more [ 37 , 78 ]. The heat is the result of intense microbial metabolic activity [ 79 ], yet many bacteria in the starting material cannot withstand the high temperatures generated during the thermophilic composting stage, resulting in a decrease in overall richness, diversity [ 18 , 25 ], and total culturable counts [ 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there have been a few detailed analyses of bacterial community structure throughout the composting process, the majority of studies to date have commonly used either culture-based analysis [ 79 , 80 , 82 ] or low-resolution molecular techniques (e.g., sequencing clones [ 15 , 16 ] or DGGE analysis [ 3 , 18 – 20 ]). Only two recent studies have used higher-resolution sequencing methods to evaluate sewage sludge compost [ 25 ] or zoo compost [ 26 ], and Rawat and Johri [ 78 ] have reviewed the literature available before 2013. Compost derived from raw human waste, though, has yet to be examined from starting material to finished product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recycling human waste for beneficial use has been practiced for millennia. Aerobic (thermophilic) composting of sewage sludge has been shown to reduce populations of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate both Ascaris eggs and culturable Escherichia coli in raw waste, but there is still a question about the fate of most fecal bacteria when raw material is composted directly. This study undertook a comprehensive microbial community analysis of composting material at various stages collected over 6 months at two composting facilities in Haiti. The fecal microbiota signal was monitored using a high-density DNA microarray (PhyloChip). Thermophilic composting altered the bacterial community structure of the starting material. Typical fecal bacteria classified in the following groups were present in at least half the starting material samples, yet were reduced below detection in finished compost: Prevotella and Erysipelotrichaceae (100% reduction of initial presence), Ruminococcaceae (98–99%), Lachnospiraceae (83–94%, primarily unclassified taxa remained), Escherichia and Shigella (100%). Opportunistic pathogens were reduced below the level of detection in the final product with the exception of Clostridium tetani, which could have survived in a spore state or been reintroduced late in the outdoor maturation process. Conversely, thermotolerant or thermophilic Actinomycetes and Firmicutes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus, Geobacillus) typically found in compost increased substantially during the thermophilic stage. This community DNA-based assessment of the fate of human fecal microbiota during thermophilic composting will help optimize this process as a sanitation solution in areas where infrastructure and resources are limited.

show abstract

Role of Thermophilic Microflora in Composting

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Changes in Arsenic and Copper Bioavailability and Oxytetracycline Degradation during the Composting Process

Changes in Arsenic and Copper Bioavailability and Oxytetracycline Degradation during the Composting Process

Thermophilic and alkaliphilic Actinobacteria: biology and potential applications

Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About