Role of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus in motor behaviour—I. Effects of focal injections of drugs

Starr, Michael S.; Summerhayes, M.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90106-9

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Likewise, rotation produced by U50,488 is similar to that produced by local GABA agonists in the SN, which is also mediated by nondopaminergic SNpr efferents (Arnt and Scheel-Kruger, 1979;Kilpatrick and Starr, 1981;Olianas et al, 1978). As observed in this experiment, either SC or VM lesions attenuate rotation produced by intranigral muscimol, suggesting common motor output pathways for these transmitter systems (Kilpatrick et al, 1982;Starr and Summerhayes, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Involvement of the nigrotectal and nigrothalamic pathways in kappa opioid‐induced circling

Walker

1992

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The relationship between kappa opioid-induced movement and output stations of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) was examined using the rodent circling model. Contralateral rotation produced by intranigral microinjection of the kappa opiate U50,488 was lower in animals with ibotenic acid lesions of either the ipsilateral ventromedial thalamus or superior colliculus than in control animals without lesions. These results suggest that endogenous kappa opioids in the SNpr may influence movement through actions on the nigrothalamic and nigrotectal pathways. In contrast, animals with ipsilateral lesions of the striatum showed an increase in circling relative to controls, possibly due to kappa receptor supersensitivity in the SNpr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Involvement of the nigrotectal and nigrothalamic pathways in kappa opioid‐induced circling

Walker

1992

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“…Leptin injections, however, increase their total activity to the level observed in their lean littermates [31]. Regions of the TH are known to be of importance for the level of locomotor activity [32, 33], which might support a possible role for leptin-R L in this part of the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression and Regulation of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in the Rat Brain: Effects of Fasting and Oestrogen

Bennett¹,

et al. 1998

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Leptin affects body weight and reproduction mainly via receptors in the central nervous system. Different isoforms of the leptin receptor (leptin-R) exist, including a long isoform (leptin-R_L) with signalling capacity and short isoforms (leptin-R_S) with unknown function. The aim of this study was to examine leptin-R gene expression in different regions of the brain under conditions with altered body weight, in the female rat, including ovariectomy (OVX), oestradiol (E₂) treatment, fasting and a genetic model of obesity (Zucker fa/fa). Leptin-R gene expression was analysed by in situ hybridization using probes recognizing all receptor isoforms (leptin-R) or specifically leptin-R_L. Transcripts recognized by the leptin-R probe were abundant in the choroid plexus (CP), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), thalamus (TH) and piriform cortex (PC). Leptin-R_L transcripts were detected in the ARC, VMN, TH and PC but not in the CP. Although no sex difference was observed, leptin-R gene expression was reduced by E₂ administration and increased by OVX. Administration of E₂ reduced leptin-R_L gene expression in the ARC and VMN but did not alter the expression in the TH or PC. OVX had no effect on the expression of leptin-R_L mRNA. Fasting also caused a differential regulation of leptin-R mRNAs, with an increase in abundance of leptin-R_L transcripts in the TH despite a decrease in leptin-R in this area. Obese Zucker rats had a similar pattern of expression with an increased expression of leptin-R_L transcripts in all brain areas analysed and a decrease in leptin-R gene expression. These results demonstrate a differential regulation of leptin-R_L and leptin-R_S which could provide a mechanism for regulating access to, and sensitivity of, discrete regions of the brain for circulating leptin. We suggest that fasting and E₂ alter the balance between leptin-R_L and leptin-R_S and that this could increase tissue sensitivity to leptin.

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“…Lesion effects are dependent on the site of the thalamic lesion, but in general these studies suggest that Mthal has a role in maintaining posture, controlling general movements and in motor learning. Mammals exhibit akinesia and bradykinesia, and posture is impaired following VA, VLa, VLp and VM electrolytic lesions or injection of GABA agonists or glutamate antagonists intrathalamically (Di Chiara et al, 1979; Starr and Summerhayes, 1983a,b; Klockgether et al, 1986a,b; Wullner et al, 1987; Canavan et al, 1989; Jeljeli et al, 2003). Large lesions of the VA, VLa and VLp nuclei produce ataxia and dysmetria in the contralateral arm of primates (Bornschlegl and Asanuma, 1987).…”

Section: The Motor Thalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor thalamus integration of cortical, cerebellar and basal ganglia information: implications for normal and parkinsonian conditions

Bosch‐Bouju

Hyland

Parr‐Brownlie

2013

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

238

203

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Motor thalamus (Mthal) is implicated in the control of movement because it is strategically located between motor areas of the cerebral cortex and motor-related subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia (BG). The role of BG and cerebellum in motor control has been extensively studied but how Mthal processes inputs from these two networks is unclear. Specifically, there is considerable debate about the role of BG inputs on Mthal activity. This review summarizes anatomical and physiological knowledge of the Mthal and its afferents and reviews current theories of Mthal function by discussing the impact of cortical, BG and cerebellar inputs on Mthal activity. One view is that Mthal activity in BG and cerebellar-receiving territories is primarily “driven” by glutamatergic inputs from the cortex or cerebellum, respectively, whereas BG inputs are modulatory and do not strongly determine Mthal activity. This theory is steeped in the assumption that the Mthal processes information in the same way as sensory thalamus, through interactions of modulatory inputs with a single driver input. Another view, from BG models, is that BG exert primary control on the BG-receiving Mthal so it effectively relays information from BG to cortex. We propose a new “super-integrator” theory where each Mthal territory processes multiple driver or driver-like inputs (cortex and BG, cortex and cerebellum), which are the result of considerable integrative processing. Thus, BG and cerebellar Mthal territories assimilate motivational and proprioceptive motor information previously integrated in cortico-BG and cortico-cerebellar networks, respectively, to develop sophisticated motor signals that are transmitted in parallel pathways to cortical areas for optimal generation of motor programmes. Finally, we briefly review the pathophysiological changes that occur in the BG in parkinsonism and generate testable hypotheses about how these may affect processing of inputs in the Mthal.

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Role of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus in motor behaviour—I. Effects of focal injections of drugs

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Involvement of the nigrotectal and nigrothalamic pathways in kappa opioid‐induced circling

Involvement of the nigrotectal and nigrothalamic pathways in kappa opioid‐induced circling

Differential Expression and Regulation of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in the Rat Brain: Effects of Fasting and Oestrogen

Motor thalamus integration of cortical, cerebellar and basal ganglia information: implications for normal and parkinsonian conditions

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