“…A recent study supports these data showing that microglia in the brain, and not neurons, astrocytes, or neural progenitor cells, express P2Y 13 mRNA under basal conditions, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (Stefani et al, ). However, P2Y 13 protein expression may be low (Haynes et al, ), possibly due to constitutive ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (Pons et al, ). P2Y 13 mRNA is upregulated in pathological conditions such as demyelination (Bedard, Tremblay, Chernomoretz, & Vallieres, ) and neuropathic pain (Kobayashi, Yamanaka, Yanamoto, Okubo, & Noguchi, ; Niu et al, ), suggesting a role of this receptor in neuroinflammation.…”