Role of the retention of water and sodium in two types of experimental renovascular hypertension in the rat

Liard, J. F.; Peters, G.

doi:10.1007/bf00586544

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While enhanced peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity is important in the hypertensive process, this study confirms the work of others showing that additional factors contribute to the maintenance of early established one-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in the rat (4,41,42). Unclipping was accompanied by decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and by loss of sodium in addition to a decrease in peripheral sympathetic activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It has been suggested that the increase in peripheral sympathetic tone present in one-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats might be due to changes in central neurons, perhaps triggered by sodium retention, or an increase in circulating angiotensin II (7,44,45). Using this line of reasoning one could implicate either the loss of sodium and (or), decrease in renin-angiotensin system activity as possible causes of the decreased peripheral sympathetic activity seen with unclipping (4,41,42). However, we have found no loss of sodium or no decrease in renin-angiotensin system activity associated with renal denervation in this model as possible mechanisms for a decrease in sympathetic activity (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System Activity following Renal Denervation or Unclipping in the One-Kidney One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rat

Katholi¹,

Winternitz²,

Oparil³

1982

J. Clin. Invest.

104

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A B S T R A C T Increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been demonstrated in established one-kidney one-clip hypertension in the rat. We have found that renal denervation in this model results in an attenuation of hypertension, unassociated with alterations in sodium or water balance or renin activity. To determine whether the depressor effect of renal denervation is associated with changes in peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity, sham operation (n = 12), renal denervation (n = 13), or unclipping (n = 13) was carried out 2 wk after the onset of onekidney one-clip hypertension. Normotensive uninephrectomized age-and sex-matched rats were used as controls (n = 14). Renal denervation resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (201±7 to 151±6 mm Hg), while unclipping lowered systolic blood pressure to normotensive levels (130±6 mm Hg). 8 d after operation plasma norepinephrine and mean arterial pressure before and after ganglionic blockade with 30 mg/kg hexamethonium bromide were measured in conscious, unrestrained, resting animals, as indices of peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity. Plasma norepinephrine was significantly higher in hypertensive sham-operated rats (422±42 pg/ml) compared with normotensive controls (282±25 pg/ml) (P < 0.01). Both renal denervation and unclipping restored plasma norepinephrine to normal levels (273±22 and 294±24 pg/ml, respectively). Ganglionic blockade in hypertensive sham-operated animals resulted in a significantly greater decrease in mean arterial pressure than occurred in renal denervated, unclipped, or control rats. The data suggest that the depressor effect of renal denervation or unclipping in the one-kidney oneAddress reprints requests to Dr. R. E. Katholi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System Activity following Renal Denervation or Unclipping in the One-Kidney One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rat

Katholi¹,

Winternitz²,

Oparil³

1982

J. Clin. Invest.

104

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“…3 ' 5 We have previously reported 6 that in the early stages, before BP reaches hypertensive levels, and during the development of hypertension 1K1C animals present high concentrations of plasma ANF. Once the renal artery clip is removed, the rapid reversal of hypertension is accompanied by a quick decline in plasma ANF, which, however, does not return to the values seen in control animals during the 5 days following unclipping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…5 However, this mechanism could not be the only factor involved in acute 22 or chronic experiments, since the clipped kidney in two-kidney, one clip hypertension manifested greatly depressed sodium excretion in the presence of normal perfusion pressure. 24 Moreover, following the release of the clip in 1K1C hypertensive dogs, the aortorenal pressure gradient falls immediately to preconstriction values, but a negative sodium balance may last for several days.…”

Section: ' L3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal glomerular atrial natriuretic factor receptors in one-kidney, one clip rats.

et al. 1988

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SUMMARY One-kidney, one clip (1K1C) hypertension is often associated with an expanded plasma volume and (once the arterial clip is removed) with natriuresis. Blood pressure (BP), atrial and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (AND, hematocrit, and renal glomerular ANF receptors were therefore studied in 1K1C rats and in their normotensive uninephrectomized controls before and after unclipping. Six hours after removal of the clip, BP was normal in the 1K1C group and plasma ANF presented a sharp decline but was still significantly higher than in the normotensive controls, with a slight difference being evident 24 hours after unclipping. Hematocrit was lower in the 1K1C rats than in their control counterparts, but this difference tended to disappear once the clip was removed, indicating a contraction of plasma volume in these undipped 1K1C animals. The renal glomerular ANF receptor population was markedly smaller in 1K1C rats than in the uninephrectomized controls but showed a twofold increase in number and affinity 24 hours after unclipping. It is concluded that the up-regulation and enhanced affinity of glomerular ANF receptors (probably secondary to the decrease in plasma levels of ANF) may contribute to the natriuresis reported in hypertensive 1K1C animals on removal of the arterial clip. (Hypertension 11: 185-190, 1988) KEY WORDS • atrial natriuretic factor • one-kidney, one clip hypertenslqn renal glomerular atrial natriuretic factor receptors • natriuresis T HE one-kidney, one clip (1K1C) paradigm is believed to be a volume-expanded model of experimental hypertension, 1 with early sodium retention 23 and increased exchangeable sodium levels. 4 Unclipping of the remaining kidney is usually followed by marked natriuresis 3 and permanent, almost immediate reversal of hypertension. 13 We have recently reported 6 that the high plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in 1K1C animals with 4 weeks of hypertension declined rapidly 6 hours after the clip was removed but re- Received February 11, 1987; accepted September 8, 1987. mained significantly higher than in the controls for 5 days after unclipping. In these experiments, removal of the clip was also accompanied by a rapid normalization of blood pressure (BP) and by weight loss, which quickly returned to control levels. This acute transient decrease in weight was suggestive of increased natriuresis and depletion of body fluid. Since it has been well documented that specific ANF receptors present in renal glomeruli 7 ' 8 can be manipulated by physiological interventions, which result in changes in the plasma concentration of ANF, 9> 10 and since the glomerulus is a major target of ANF, we have hypothesized 6 that the natriuresis observed in 1K1C rats after unclipping could be partially due to their higher plasma ANF levels and to modifications of specific glomerular ANF binding sites. Indeed, it has recently been shown that vascular ANF receptors, both in cultured smooth muscle" and in blood vessels of 1K1C 12 and deoxycortico...

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“…Liard and Peters 13 noted a diuresis-natnuresis following unclipping of the one-kidney model and ascribed the lowering of the BP to this phenomenon. To support their contention, these workers found the BP did not return to normal following ureteral ligation and unclipping (no loss of sodium and water).…”

Section: Ledingham and Cohenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antihypertensive function of the kidney. Its elucidation by captopril plus unclipping.

Muirhead¹,

Pitcock²,

Nasjletti³

et al. 1985

Hypertension

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Unclipping the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat during a free flow of urine caused the blood pressure to return to normal levels within about 3 hours. We found that administration of captopril plus unclipping caused the blood pressure to return to normal in minutes (17 +/- 4). Ureterocaval anastomosis plus captopril plus unclipping also caused the blood pressure to return to normal in minutes (8.8 +/- 2). Thus, the potentiation of the drop in blood pressure does not seem to be due to a volume effect. Administration of indomethacin and aprotinin did not prevent a rapid decline of the blood pressure after unclipping, but the decline was less rapid than that occurring after captopril and unclipping, which suggests that prostaglandin may have some effect on this mechanism. Saralasin administration did not potentiate the antihypertensive action of captopril plus unclipping. Chemical papillectomy prevented the drop in blood pressure after unclipping. The bolus dose of captopril to the hypertensive rat often caused a transient depressor effect resembling that due to the antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid, which suggests secretion of this lipid into the blood. The renomedullary interstitial cells accumulated large lipid granules after captopril administration. These cells also degranulated after unclipping. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the renal papilla secretes an antihypertensive hormone after unclipping. At present, antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid is the main putative hormone.

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Role of the retention of water and sodium in two types of experimental renovascular hypertension in the rat

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Decrease in Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System Activity following Renal Denervation or Unclipping in the One-Kidney One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rat

Decrease in Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System Activity following Renal Denervation or Unclipping in the One-Kidney One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rat

Renal glomerular atrial natriuretic factor receptors in one-kidney, one clip rats.

The antihypertensive function of the kidney. Its elucidation by captopril plus unclipping.

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