Role of the renal nerves in blood pressure in male and female SHR

Iliescu, Radu; Yanes, Licy L.; Bell, William C.; Dwyer, Terry; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Reckelhoff, Jane F.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00035.2005

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We could also speculate that sympathetic activity may be increased with aging in PMR and women which could increase renin levels. Sympathetic activity has been shown to play a role in mediating the hypertension in SHR 15. Since our data also show that AT1R mRNA expression is down-regulated in PMR compared to young females, it is possible that intrarenal Ang II levels may be increased since downregulation of the AT1R is known to occur when Ang II levels are increased and since Ang II has been shown to destabilize AT1R mRNA16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Postmenopausal Hypertension

et al. 2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-After menopause, blood pressure increases in women. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension are not completely understood. This study was conducted to determine the role that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays in post-menopausal hypertension. Post-estrous cycling (postmenopausal) spontaneously hypertensive rats or young female controls were treated with losartan, an angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor blocker, for 25 days. Mean arterial pressure was recorded continuously by radiotelemetry. Losartan significantly decreased blood pressure in postmenopausal rats and young female controls but failed to normalize blood pressure in postmenopausal rats to levels found in young controls. Plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensinogen were significantly elevated, and intrarenal Ang II type 1 receptor and renin mRNA expression were significantly downregulated in postmenopausal rats. Therefore, RAS only partially contributes to hypertension in postcycling spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas hypertension in young females is mediated mainly by the RAS. The data suggest that other mechanisms besides activation of the RAS are likely involved in postmenopausal hypertension. (Hypertension. 2010;56:359-363.)Key Words: postmenopausal hypertension Ⅲ aging Ⅲ kidney Ⅲ blood pressure M en are at greater risk for cardiovascular and renal disease than are women of similar age. Men also have higher blood pressure (BP) than women. 1,2 However, these sex differences change following menopause, when the risk for cardiovascular disease and prevalence of hypertension increases in women. 3 There are few clinical data regarding effectiveness of different antihypertensive therapy in controlling BP in postmenopausal hypertensive women. The Women's Health Initiative report was based on nearly 100 000 women, ages 50 to 79 years, and was the largest and best-characterized cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States. This report showed that although older hypertensive women (aged 70 to 79 years) were as likely to be on treatment for hypertension (63.2%) as the younger women (64.2%), a substantially smaller percentage of them had their BPs under control (29.3 versus 41.3% for the older versus younger women, respectively). 4 Similar findings were observed when the results from the National Health and Nutrition Estimation Survey (NHANES) III dataset (ending 1994) were compared with the NHANES IV dataset (ending 2004). 5 Thus, the best therapeutic options for treatment of postmenopausal hypertension are unclear.A key system for modulating BP and body fluid volume is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). 6 Angiotensin (Ang) II causes vasoconstriction though activation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R). Increases in Ang II and dysregulation (upregulation or activation) of the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS have been implicated as adverse factors in cardiovascular pathophysiology.Postmenopausal women exhibit an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), 7,8 but the use of RAS blockers, Angco...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Postmenopausal Hypertension

et al. 2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More importantly, these kidney effects are clearly MON 863-specific since they are not observed with all three GM maize varieties and the control groups, and therefore could not have arisen from an inherent genetic predisposition of the strain of rat used, which in addition was the same in all cases. Overall, no kidney parameters in male animals are disrupted in the MON 810 feeding group, even though sensitivity to toxics appears in general to be greater in this sex 37, 38. An additional contributory factor to this disturbance in kidney function could arise from either novel unintended toxic effect caused by the inherent mutagenic effect of the GM technology, or possibly due to the new mutant forms of Bt toxin produced by MON 863, which is completely different from that engineered into MON 810.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health

Vendômois¹,

Roullier²,

Cellier³

et al. 2009

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

129

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present for the first time a comparative analysis of blood and organ system data from trials with rats fed three main commercialized genetically modified (GM) maize (NK 603, MON 810, MON 863), which are present in food and feed in the world. NK 603 has been modified to be tolerant to the broad spectrum herbicide Roundup and thus contains residues of this formulation. MON 810 and MON 863 are engineered to synthesize two different Bt toxins used as insecticides. Approximately 60 different biochemical parameters were classified per organ and measured in serum and urine after 5 and 14 weeks of feeding. GM maize-fed rats were compared first to their respective isogenic or parental non-GM equivalent control groups. This was followed by comparison to six reference groups, which had consumed various other non-GM maize varieties. We applied nonparametric methods, including multiple pairwise comparisons with a False Discovery Rate approach. Principal Component Analysis allowed the investigation of scattering of different factors (sex, weeks of feeding, diet, dose and group). Our analysis clearly reveals for the 3 GMOs new side effects linked with GM maize consumption, which were sex- and often dose-dependent. Effects were mostly associated with the kidney and liver, the dietary detoxifying organs, although different between the 3 GMOs. Other effects were also noticed in the heart, adrenal glands, spleen and haematopoietic system. We conclude that these data highlight signs of hepatorenal toxicity, possibly due to the new pesticides specific to each GM corn. In addition, unintended direct or indirect metabolic consequences of the genetic modification cannot be excluded.

show abstract

“…For example, we showed many years ago that while renal denervation reduced the blood pressure in both male and female SHR, the reduction was similar in both males and females and that the blood pressure remained significantly elevated (38). These data show that the hypertension in both male and female SHR is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, but that the sympathetics are not responsible for the sex difference in blood pressure.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender differences in control of blood pressure

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years the interest in studying the impact of sex steroids and gender on the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease has been growing. Women are protected from most cardiovascular events compared to men, until after menopause, and postmenopausal women are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared to premenopausal women. The pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated but are not likely as simple as the presence or absence of estrogens, since hormone replacement therapy in elderly women in the Women’s Health Initiative or the HERS Trials did not provide primary or secondary prevention against cardiovascular events. Men are also thought to be at risk for cardiovascular disease at earlier ages than women, and these mechanisms too are not likely to be as simple as the presence of testosterone since androgen levels drop in men with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. In fact, many investigators now believe that it is the reduction in androgen levels that frequently accompanies chronic disease and may exacerbate cardiovascular disease in men. In this review the roles of sex steroids and gender in mediating or protecting against hypertension and cardiovascular disease will be discussed.

show abstract

Role of the renal nerves in blood pressure in male and female SHR

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Postmenopausal Hypertension

Postmenopausal Hypertension

A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health

Sex and gender differences in control of blood pressure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About