Role of the Putative Membrane-Bound Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase KORRIGAN in Cell Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Satō, Shigeru; Kato, Tomohiko; Kakegawa, Koichi; Ishii, Tadashi; Liu, Yao Guang; Awano, Tatsuya; Takabe, Keiji; Nishiyama, Yoshiharu; Kuga, Shigenori; Sato, Shusei; Nakamura, Yasukazu; Tabata, Satoshi; Shibata, Daisuke

doi:10.1093/pcp/pce045

Cited by 182 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Intriguingly, for many of the cell wall-related genes that were negatively correlated with leaf and shoot size traits in our data set, down-regulation of these genes or their orthologs has been shown previously to result in a growth reduction (Sato et al, 2001;Roberts et al, 2004;Rautengarten et al, 2011) or even embryo lethality (Goubet et al, 2003). We hypothesize that the difference between the direction of the correlation in our data set and the phenotypes of Arabidopsis homologs might be due to the comparison of more subtle variations in expression because of allelic effects in natural variants with more drastic effects of knockout or constitutive overexpression often in one genetic background in Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Leaf Growth Is Strongly Correlated With Cell Wall Characterisupporting

confidence: 57%

“…7). Mutations in the respective Arabidopsis orthologs CESA1, CESA3, and KORRIGAN (KOR), which interact with specific CESA complexes (Mansoori et al, 2014), cause an abnormal plant morphology and severe dwarfism due to defects in cell wall formation (Sato et al, 2001;Beeckman et al, 2002;Persson et al, 2007). On the other hand, expression levels of GRMZM2G027794 and GRMZM2G074792, which show homology to the CESA-like C family in Arabidopsis, were negatively correlated with leaf size traits (Fig.…”

Section: Leaf Growth Is Strongly Correlated With Cell Wall Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Large-Scale Phenotyping and Transcriptomics in Maize Reveals a Robust Growth Regulatory Network

et al. 2016

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Leaves are vital organs for biomass and seed production because of their role in the generation of metabolic energy and organic compounds. A better understanding of the molecular networks underlying leaf development is crucial to sustain global requirements for food and renewable energy. Here, we combined transcriptome profiling of proliferative leaf tissue with indepth phenotyping of the fourth leaf at later stages of development in 197 recombinant inbred lines of two different maize (Zea mays) populations. Previously, correlation analysis in a classical biparental mapping population identified 1,740 genes correlated with at least one of 14 traits. Here, we extended these results with data from a multiparent advanced generation intercross population. As expected, the phenotypic variability was found to be larger in the latter population than in the biparental population, although general conclusions on the correlations among the traits are comparable. Data integration from the two diverse populations allowed us to identify a set of 226 genes that are robustly associated with diverse leaf traits. This set of genes is enriched for transcriptional regulators and genes involved in protein synthesis and cell wall metabolism. In order to investigate the molecular network context of the candidate gene set, we integrated our data with publicly available functional genomics data and identified a growth regulatory network of 185 genes. Our results illustrate the power of combining in-depth phenotyping with transcriptomics in mapping populations to dissect the genetic control of complex traits and present a set of candidate genes for use in biomass improvement

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Section: Leaf Growth Is Strongly Correlated With Cell Wall Characterisupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Leaf Growth Is Strongly Correlated With Cell Wall Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Large-Scale Phenotyping and Transcriptomics in Maize Reveals a Robust Growth Regulatory Network

et al. 2016

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“…Two different allelic mutants of CESA8, lew2-1 and lew2-2, were more tolerant to drought stress as well as to NaCl, mannitol, and other osmotic stresses (Chen et al, 2005). Mutations in the endo-1,4-b-glucanase gene, which is highly conserved between mono-and dicotyledonous plants, both in Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa), resulted in a reduction in cell elongation and a decrease in cellulose content, but an increase in pectin content (Sato et al, 2001;Zhou et al, 2006). Although quite a few studies addressed the biological functions of several AtCESA genes, the function of the remaining Arabidopsis CESA genes (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Knockout of the AtCESA2 Gene Affects Microtubule Orientation and Causes Abnormal Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis

Chu¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2006

Plant Physiol.

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Complete cellulose synthesis is required to form functional cell walls and to facilitate proper cell expansion during plant growth. AtCESA2 is a member of the cellulose synthase A family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that participates in cell wall formation. By analysis of transgenic seedlings, we demonstrated that AtCESA2 was expressed in all organs, except root hairs. The atcesa2 mutant was devoid of AtCESA2 expression, leading to the stunted growth of hypocotyls in seedlings and greatly reduced seed production in mature plants. These observations were attributed to alterations in cell size as a result of reduced cellulose synthesis in the mutant. The orientation of microtubules was also altered in the atcesa2 mutant, which was clearly observed in hypocotyls and petioles. Complementary expression of AtCESA2 in atcesa2 could rescue the mutant phenotypes. Together, we conclude that disruption of cellulose synthesis results in altered orientation of microtubules and eventually leads to abnormal plant growth. We also demonstrated that the zinc finger-like domain of AtCESA2 could homodimerize, possibly contributing to rosette assemblies of cellulose synthase A within plasma membranes.

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“…Furthermore, evidence is accumulating indicating the requirement for more than one isoform in the same cell (Fagard et al, 2000;Taylor et al, 2000), and pull-down experiments suggested that at least CESA7 and CESA8 physically interact and may operate as a heterodimer or multimer (Taylor et al, 2000). Genetic studies finally also indicate a crucial role for a membranebound endo-1,4-␤-glucanase, KORRIGAN, in the synthesis of cellulose (Nicol et al, 1998;Lane et al, 2001;Sato et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Resistance against Herbicide Isoxaben and Cellulose Deficiency Caused by Distinct Mutations in Same Cellulose Synthase Isoform CESA6

Desprez¹

2002

Plant Physiology

100

118

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Isoxaben is a pre-emergence herbicide that inhibits cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants. Two loci identified by isoxabenresistant mutants (ixr1-1, ixr1-2, and ixr2-1) in Arabidopsis have been reported previously. IXR1 was recently shown to encode the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit CESA3 (W.-R. Scheible, R. Eshed, T. Richmond, D. Delmer, and C. Somerville [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10079-10084). Here, we report on the cloning of IXR2, and show that it encodes another cellulose synthase isoform, CESA6. ixr2-1 carries a mutation substituting an amino acid close to the C terminus of CESA6 that is highly conserved among CESA family members. Transformation of wild-type plants with the mutated gene and not with the wild-type gene conferred increased resistance against the herbicide. The simplest interpretation for the existence of these two isoxaben-resistant loci is that CESA3 and CESA6 have redundant functions. However, loss of function procuste1 alleles of CESA6 were previously shown to have a strong growth defect and reduced cellulose content in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls. This indicates that in these mutants, the presence of CESA3 does not compensate for the absence of CESA6 in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls, which argues against redundant functions for CESA3 and CESA6. Together, these observations are compatible with a model in which CESA6 and CESA3 are active as a protein complex.Cellulose synthesis remains a poorly understood process (for review, see Delmer, 1999). This linear 1,4-␤-linked glucan is synthesized in terrestrial plants by a hexameric protein complex referred to as the terminal complex or rosette embedded in the plasma membrane (Kimura et al., 1999). The composition of this complex is unknown. Each of the six particles in the complex is thought to contain several catalytic subunits with an unknown stoichiometry. The relationship between the rosette and the crystalline microfibril structure remains controversial. It is commonly held that one rosette produces one microfibril. This idea was based on calculations based upon the spacing of 1,4-␤-glucan chains in algal celluloses and it assumed the presence of 36 glucan chains in a single microfibril (Herth, 1983). Each rosette particle would then contribute six glucan chains to the microfibril. More recent studies using solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance lead to the conclusion that microfibrils in the primary wall consist of 2-nm crystalline units or elementary fibrils, each of which would not contain more than 10 to 15 glucan chains (Ha et al., 1998). The authors propose a scenario in which each of the six particles in the rosette produce the glucan chains of an elementary fibril, which in turn associate into a hexagonal 8-to 10-nm microfibril observed in most primary cell walls.Genes encoding the cellulose synthase catalytic subunits have been identified in bacteria and plants (Pear et al., 1996). The Arabidopsis genome encodes 10 isoforms of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, CESA (http://cellwall.stanford.edu). The ...

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Role of the Putative Membrane-Bound Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase KORRIGAN in Cell Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 182 publications

References 44 publications

Combined Large-Scale Phenotyping and Transcriptomics in Maize Reveals a Robust Growth Regulatory Network

Combined Large-Scale Phenotyping and Transcriptomics in Maize Reveals a Robust Growth Regulatory Network

Knockout of the AtCESA2 Gene Affects Microtubule Orientation and Causes Abnormal Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis

Resistance against Herbicide Isoxaben and Cellulose Deficiency Caused by Distinct Mutations in Same Cellulose Synthase Isoform CESA6

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