Role of the primary motor and sensory cortex in precision grasping: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Schabrun, Siobhan M; Ridding, Michael C.; Miles, Timothy S.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06039.x

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…First, although SI and M1 are anatomically close and highly interconnected, there is physiological and behavioral evidence that the aftereffect of SI and M1 cTBS can dissociate (Ishikawa et al, 2007, Mochizuki et al, 2007, Ragert et al, 2008, Schabrun et al, 2008). Second, although neural activity in M1 may be modulated by action observation (Nishitani and Hari, 2000, Fadiga et al, 2005, Caetano et al, 2007; Schütz–Bosbach et al, 2009; Gazzola and Keysers, 2009; Vigneswaran et al, 2013), it is debated whether such activity might play a major role in action perception (Lepage et al, 2008, Pineda, 2008, Bonini, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment

et al. 2017

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The presence of a network of areas in the parietal and premotor cortices, which are active both during action execution and observation, suggests that we might understand the actions of other people by activating those motor programs for making similar actions. Although neurophysiological and imaging studies show an involvement of the somatosensory cortex (SI) during action observation and execution, it is unclear whether SI is essential for understanding the somatosensory aspects of observed actions. To address this issue, we used off-line transcranial magnetic continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) just before a weight judgment task. Participants observed the right hand of an actor lifting a box and estimated its relative weight. In counterbalanced sessions, we delivered sham and active cTBS over the hand region of the left SI and, to test anatomical specificity, over the left motor cortex (M1) and the left superior parietal lobule (SPL). Active cTBS over SI, but not over M1 or SPL, impaired task performance relative to sham cTBS. Moreover, active cTBS delivered over SI just before participants were asked to evaluate the weight of a bouncing ball did not alter performance compared to sham cTBS. These findings indicate that SI is critical for extracting somatosensory features (heavy/light) from observed action kinematics and suggest a prominent role of SI in action understanding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, continuous TBS (cTBS) has been shown to have a similar but longer effect to that of slow rTMS (that is, inhibitory) when applied to the motor cortexF20 s of stimulation may result in a lasting effect of up to 20 min, and 40 s of stimulation up to 60 min. This long-lasting inhibitory effect of cTBS has been replicated by several groups over the primary motor area (Huang et al, 2007a), the premotor area (Koch et al, 2007;Mochizuki et al, 2005), the primary sensory area (Schabrun et al, 2008), the primary visual areas (Franca et al, 2006), the frontal eye field (Hubl et al, 2008), and the DLPFC (Vallesi et al, 2007). Furthermore, cTBS inhibits the BOLD fMRI signal for over 30 min when applied to the frontal eye field (Hubl et al, 2008).…”

Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

Leh

Petrides

Strafella

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

171

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In our constantly changing environment, we are frequently faced with altered circumstances requiring generation and monitoring of appropriate strategies, when novel plans of action must be formulated and conducted. The abilities that we call upon to respond accurately to novel situations are referred to as 'executive functions', and are frequently engaged to deal with conditions in which routine activation of behavior would not be sufficient for optimal performance. Here, we summarize important findings that may help us understand executive functions and their underlying neuronal correlates. We focus particularly on observations from imaging technology, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, position emission tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which in the past few years have provided the bulk of information on the neurobiological underpinnings of the executive functions. Further, emphasis will be placed on recent insights from Parkinson's disease (PD), in which the underlying dopaminergic abnormalities have provided new exciting information into basic molecular mechanisms of executive dysfunction, and which may help to disentangle the cortical/subcortical networks involved in executive processes.

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“…It seems obvious that, during the preload phase, the central nervous system needs information indicating a reliable contact before releasing the muscle commands leading to the load phase. Previous studies have shown that the duration of the preload phase is increased in very young children [31], in older adults [32], in children and adults with hemiplegia [28,33] and in healthy adults following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex [34]. In most of these studies, it seems likely that the increased duration of the preload phase results from an altered cortical processing of the sensory signals generated by the contact of the fingers with the object and/or integration of that information into the movement plan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive-Motor Interference While Grasping, Lifting and Holding Objects

2013

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In daily life, object manipulation is usually performed concurrently to the execution of cognitive tasks. The aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of precision grip require cognitive resources using a motor-cognitive dual-task paradigm. Eighteen healthy participants took part in the experiment, which comprised two conditions. In the first condition, participants performed a motor task without any concomitant cognitive task. They were instructed to grip, lift and hold an apparatus incorporating strain gauges allowing a continuous measurement of the force perpendicular to each contact surface (grip force, GF) as well as the total tangential force applied on the object (load force, LF). In the second condition, participants performed the same motor task while concurrently performing a cognitive task consisting in a complex visual search combined with counting. In the dual-task condition, we found a significant increase in the duration of the preload phase (time between initial contact of the fingers with the apparatus and onset of the load force), as well as a significant increase of the grip force during the holding phase, indicating that the cognitive task interfered with the initial force scaling performed during the preload phase and the fine-tuning of grip force during the hold phase. These findings indicate that these aspects of precision grip require cognitive resources. In contrast, other aspects of the precision grip, such as the temporal coupling between grip and load forces, were not affected by the cognitive task, suggesting that they reflect more automatic processes. Taken together, our results suggest that assessing the dynamic and temporal parameters of precision grip in the context of a concurrent cognitive task may constitute a more ecological and better-suited tool to characterize motor dysfunction in patients.

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Role of the primary motor and sensory cortex in precision grasping: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment

Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

Cognitive-Motor Interference While Grasping, Lifting and Holding Objects

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