Role of the prefrontal cortex in the cognitive control of reaching movements: near-infrared spectroscopy study

Goto, Kazuyoshi; Hoshi, Yoko; Masashi, Sata; Kawahara, Masatoshi; Takahashi, Makoto; Murohashi, Harumitsu

doi:10.1117/1.3658757

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…During reaching movements with visuomotor rotation, the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed higher activity in the initial learning phase that gradually decreased in parallel with improved motor performance as the trial proceeded (Goto et al, 2011). During reaching movements with visuomotor rotation, the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed higher activity in the initial learning phase that gradually decreased in parallel with improved motor performance as the trial proceeded (Goto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This variation in neural activity depending on motor performance is not limited to motor-related areas. During reaching movements with visuomotor rotation, the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed higher activity in the initial learning phase that gradually decreased in parallel with improved motor performance as the trial proceeded (Goto et al, 2011). Therefore, the acquisition of neural processing efficiency not only in the motor-related areas but also in the frontoparietal network is likely necessary for improved motor performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

2018

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IntroductionOptimal focus of attention is a crucial factor for improving motor learning. Most previous studies have shown that directing attention to movement outcome (external focus; EF) is more effective than directing attention to body movement itself (internal focus; IF). However, our recent studies demonstrated that the optimal attentional strategy in healthy and clinical populations varies depending on individual motor imagery ability. To explore the neurological basis underlying individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning tasks, in the present study, we measured frontoparietal activities using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsTwenty‐eight participants performed a visuomotor learning task requiring circular tracking. During the task, the participants were required to direct their attention internally or externally. The individual optimal attentional strategy was determined by comparing the after‐effect sizes between the IF and EF conditions.ResultsFifteen participants showed larger after‐effects under the EF condition (External‐dominant), whereas the others showed larger after‐effects under the IF condition (Internal‐dominant). Based on the differences in neural activities between Internal‐ and External‐dominant groups, we identified the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) and right somatosensory association cortex (Brodmann area 7) as the neural bases associated with individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning. Furthermore, we observed a significant negative correlation, that is, lower activity in these areas was associated with a larger after‐effect size under the optimal attentional strategy.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that more efficient neural processing in the frontoparietal area under the individual optimal attentional strategy can accelerate motor learning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

2018

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“…Previous studies have revealed that the DLPFC plays an important role in top-down attention control and in executive functions, such as planning and problem-solving 28–34 . In motor-learning, DLPFC activity is related to cognitive control of sensory input and future action planning in the fast motor-learning stage 35,36 , as well as in the encoding of declarative memory 37,38 . A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on motor-learning divided motor training periods into three phases, including short-term (≤1 h), medium-term (>1 h and ≤24 h), and long-term (24 h to <5 weeks) periods 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of chopstick-operation skills with the non-dominant hand and concomitant changes in brain activity

Sawamura

Sakuraba

Suzuki

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Despite their common use as eating utensils in East Asia, chopsticks require complex fine motor-skills for adequate operation and are thus most frequently used with the dominant hand; however, the effect of training time on the proficiency of using chopsticks with the non-dominant hand, as well as the brain activity underlying changes in skill, remain unclear. This study characterised the effect of time spent training in chopstick operation with the non-dominant hand on chopstick-use proficiency and the related brain activity to obtain data that may help individuals who are obliged to change handedness due to neurological disease to learn to use their non-dominant hand in performing daily activities. Thirty-two healthy right-handed students were randomly allocated to training (n = 16) or control (n = 16) groups; the former received 6 weeks of training in chopstick use with their non-dominant (left) hand, and the latter received none. After training, significant improvements in the execution speed and smoothness of upper extremity joints were observed in the training group. Moreover, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity significantly decreased, and bilateral premotor cortex activity significantly increased across training. These results indicated that 6 weeks of chopstick training with the non-dominant hand effectively improved chopstick operation.

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“…The motor cortex of the frontal lobes is involved in the planning and execution of movement, such as walking and reaching, but more anterior frontal areas are associated with reaching as well. Using near-infrared spectroscopy with adults, Goto et al (2011) reported that the lateral prefrontal cortex was involved in reaching that was both perceptually consistent and perceptually effortful. Wallis et al (2001) demonstrated that monkeys with lesions to the lateral prefrontal cortex had difficulty transferring reaching strategy to a new context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain reorganization as a function of walking experience in 12-month-old infants: implications for the development of manual laterality

2014

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Hand preference in infancy is marked by many developmental shifts in hand use and arm coupling as infants reach for and manipulate objects. Research has linked these early shifts in hand use to the emergence of fundamental postural–locomotor milestones. Specifically, it was found that bimanual reaching declines when infants learn to sit; increases if infants begin to scoot in a sitting posture; declines when infants begin to crawl on hands and knees; and increases again when infants start walking upright. Why such pattern fluctuations during periods of postural–locomotor learning? One proposed hypothesis is that arm use practiced for the specific purpose of controlling posture and achieving locomotion transfers to reaching via brain functional reorganization. There has been scientific support for functional cortical reorganization and change in neural connectivity in response to motor practice in adults and animals, and as a function of crawling experience in human infants. In this research, we examined whether changes in neural connectivity also occurred as infants coupled their arms when learning to walk and whether such coupling mapped onto reaching laterality. Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence data were collected from 43 12-month-old infants with varied levels of walking experience. EEG was recorded during quiet, attentive baseline. Walking proficiency was laboratory assessed and reaching responses were captured using small toys presented at mid-line while infants were sitting. Results revealed greater EEG coherence at homologous prefrontal/central scalp locations for the novice walkers compared to the prewalkers or more experienced walkers. In addition, reaching laterality was low in prewalkers and early walkers but high in experienced walkers. These results are consistent with the interpretation that arm coupling practiced during early walking transferred to reaching via brain functional reorganization, leading to the observed developmental changes in manual laterality.

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Role of the prefrontal cortex in the cognitive control of reaching movements: near-infrared spectroscopy study

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

Acquisition of chopstick-operation skills with the non-dominant hand and concomitant changes in brain activity

Brain reorganization as a function of walking experience in 12-month-old infants: implications for the development of manual laterality

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