Role of the pharyngeal plexus in initiation of swallowing

Sinclair, W. A.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.5.1260

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Our observation that the highest stimulation frequencies of the pharynx also produced the greatest facilitation suggests that there may exist, at least for the pharynx, a frequencydependent pattern for afferent feedback. In support of this, animal studies have indicated that the facilitation of reflex swallowing by SLN and glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation is also frequency dependent, with an optimal frequency of 30-50 Hz (Sinclair, 1971;Miller, 1972;Jean & Car, 1979;Weerasuriya, Bieger & Hockman, 1980). Although there was a clear shortening of response latency, repetitive stimulation of the pharynx or oesophagus had no consistent effects on the amplitude of cortically evoked responses.…”

Section: Interaction Between Pathways From Each Hemispherementioning

confidence: 92%

Sensorimotor modulation of human cortical swallowing pathways

Hamdy

Aziz

Rothwell

et al. 1998

The Journal of Physiology

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation over motor areas of cerebral cortex in man can activate short latency bilateral cortical projections to the pharynx and oesophagus. In the present paper we investigate the interaction between pathways from each hemisphere and explore how activity in these pathways is modulated by afferent feedback from the face, pharynx and oesophagus. Comparison of unilateral and bilateral stimulation (using interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1, 5 or 10 ms between shocks) showed spatial summation of responses from each hemisphere at an ISI of 1 ms, indicating that cortical efferents project onto a shared population of target neurones. Such summation was not evident at ISIs of 5 or 10 ms. There was little evidence for transcallosal inhibition of responses from each hemisphere, as described for limb muscles. Single stimuli applied to the vagus nerve in the neck or the supraorbital nerve, which alone produce intermediate (onset 20‐30 ms) and long (50‐70 ms) latency reflex responses in the pharynx and oesophagus, were used to condition the cortical responses. Compared with rest, responses evoked by cortical stimulation were facilitated when they were timed to coincide with the late part of the reflex. The onset latency was reduced during both parts of the reflex response. No facilitation was observed with subthreshold reflex stimuli. Single electrical stimuli applied to the pharynx or oesophagus had no effect on the response to cortical stimulation. However, trains of stimuli at frequencies varying from 0.2 to 10 Hz decreased the latency of the cortically evoked responses without consistently influencing their amplitudes. The effect was site specific: pharyngeal stimulation shortened both pharyngeal and oesophageal response latencies, whereas oesophageal stimulation shortened only the oesophageal response latencies. Cortical swallowing motor pathways from each hemisphere interact and their excitability is modulated in a site‐specific manner by sensory input. The latter may produce a mixture of excitation and inhibition at both brainstem and cortical levels.

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Section: Interaction Between Pathways From Each Hemispherementioning

confidence: 92%

Sensorimotor modulation of human cortical swallowing pathways

Hamdy

Aziz

Rothwell

et al. 1998

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The reflexive pharyngeal swallow and laryngeal adduction may be activated by stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve of the vagus (CN X) and the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in both animals and humans (Doty 1951; Doty and Bosma 1956; Sinclair 1971; Ludlow et al. 1992; Barkmeier et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orosensory contributions to dysphagia: a link between perception of sweet and sour taste and pharyngeal delay time

Pauloski

Nasir

2016

Physiol Rep

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Pharyngeal delay is a significant swallowing disorder often resulting in aspiration. It is suspected that pharyngeal delay originates from sensory impairment, but a direct demonstration of a link between oral sensation and pharyngeal delay is lacking. In this study involving six patients with complaints of dysphagia, taste sensation of the oral tongue was measured and subsequently related to swallowing kinematics. It was found that a response bias for sour taste was significantly correlated with pharyngeal delay time on paste, highlighting oral sensory contributions to swallow motor dysfunctions. Investigating the precise nature of such a link between oral sensation and dysphagia would constitute a basis for understanding the disorder. The results of this study highlight oral sensory contributions to pharyngeal swallow events and provide impetus to examine this link in larger samples of dysphagic patients.

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“…Among these functions, the swallowing in the pharynx is elicited by the afferent impulses in the glossopharyngeal nerve, and followed by a contracting of the esophagus5,6). However, electric stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve inhibits swallowing7, 8). Such a discrepancy in the swallowing response suggests that particular patterns of impulses initiate or inhibit swallowing6,9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%