Role of the neutrophil leucocyte in the local and systemic reactions during experimentally induced e.coli mastitis in cows immediately after calving

Burvenich, Christian; Paape, Max; Hill, AW; Guidry, A.J.; Miller, R.H.; Heyneman, Roger; Kremer, W.D.J.; Brand, A.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694416

Cited by 117 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…PMN serve as the first immunological defense against invading bacteria and are key players in both the innate and acquired immune responses. Early recruitment of PMN is important for rapid clearance of bacteria and resolution of infection [2,36,37]. The role of sCD14 in the rapid recruitment of bovine PMN has been recently studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding of sCD14 by bovine neutrophils following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide results in down-regulation of IL-8

et al. 2007

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-CD14, the leukocyte co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is important in the response of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) to Gram-negative bacteria. In other species, the expression of CD14 on the surface of PMN was shown to increase after exposure to inflammatory stimuli. These newly expressed molecules may originate from either an intracellular pool or through new gene expression. We sought to characterize bovine PMN cell surface expression and shedding of CD14 molecules, and CD14's effect on secretion of the chemoattractants IL-8 and IL-1β by PMN. Bovine PMN were incubated in RPMI for 20 h at 37 • C with LPS (1, 10, 100 µg/mL). IL-8 release increased with treatment of 1 µg/mL LPS, but decreased 41.5 and 95% at the 10 and 100 µg/mL concentrations of LPS, respectively. In contrast, shedding of CD14 from the surface of PMN only increased at the highest concentration of LPS (100 µg/mL). Secretion of IL-1β was similar regardless of the LPS concentration used to stimulate PMN. The effect of PMN concentration (1 × 10 7 , 2.5 × 10 7 , 5 × 10 7 , and 10 × 10 7 /mL) on CD14 cell surface expression and shedding of IL-8 and IL-1β were also determined. Shedding of CD14 by PMN increased with increasing concentration of PMN after exposure to 0.1 and 10 µg/mL of LPS, while secretion of IL-8 decreased. IL-1β increased at the highest concentration of PMN. The use of real time polymerase chain reaction showed that CD14 mRNA expression was not different between control and LPS-stimulated cells, indicating that the sCD14 came from either membrane bound CD14 or a preformed pool. Our results demonstrate that release of CD14 from PMN suppresses secretion of IL-8, and may be an important regulatory mechanism for controlling excessive migration of PMN into the bovine mammary gland.CD14 / IL-8 / LPS / neutrophil / bovine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding of sCD14 by bovine neutrophils following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide results in down-regulation of IL-8

et al. 2007

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“…Several researchers have reviewed the normal physiological processes of udder defense mechanisms [10,16,55,106]. After bacterial invasion, leukocytes in milk recognize pathogens, and innate immunity attempts to resolve this IMI immediately (Fig.…”

Section: An Acute Phase Of Udder Defense Mechanism After Intramammarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Udder defense plays a role in protecting and minimizing the expression of the clinical symptoms in infected mammary glands [52]. Regardless of bacterial species, both quantity and quality of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the udder are important components of udder defense in order to protect cows from clinical mastitis [10,11,18,46,72,97,109]. In experimental mastitis challenge studies, cows with lower chemotactic capacities of blood PMN also had a higher severity of mastitis indicated by bacteria counts in milk [13,56,57,115].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

et al. 2000

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-The objective of this study was to review the possible relationships between hyperketonemia and the function of phagocytes with respect to the bovine udder defense mechanism. We hypothesize that an increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-producing cows is caused by the impairment of the udder defense mechanism during hyperketonemia. First, we review the acute phase of udder defense mechanisms after intramammary infection. The physiological changes of cows in negative energy balance are subsequently discussed. Finally, possible relationships between udder defense and physiological changes during negative energy balance, especially hyperketonemia, are reviewed. The three stages of an acute phase of udder defense are: (1) immediately eliminating invading pathogens by phagocytes, (2) releasing inflammatory substances, especially chemoattractants, and (3) migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the infected udder. Leukocytes from hyperketonemia subjects show a lower capacity of the phagocytic defense mechanism. In addition, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils are reduced when these cells are acting in the presence of high concentrations of ketone bodies. Lower amounts of cytokine production after bacterial infection are observed in ketotic subjects. The chemotactic capacity of blood leukocytes is impaired in leukocytes obtained from ketotic cows. Lower numbers of blood leukocytes are observed in ketotic cows. In conclusion, the impairment of the udder defense mechanism in negative energy balance cows seems related to hyperketonemia. ketosis / negative energy balance / mastitis / udder defense mechanism / cow Résumé -Hypercétonémie et diminution des défenses mammaires : une synthèse. L'objectif de cette étude est de présenter des relations possibles entre l'hypercétonémie et la fonction des phagocytes pour ce qui est des mécanismes de défense de la mamelle. Notre hypothèse est qu'une Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 397-412 397

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“…Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are important components of the cellular host defense in protecting cows against Escherichia coli infection within the mammary gland [5,15,19,21,39]. Acute E. coli mastitis in early lactating cows is sometimes accompanied by severe general clinical symptoms such as fever and a sudden decrease of milk production in non-injected (non-inflamed) quarters [16,24,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and systemic effects of endotoxin mastitis on the chemiluminescence of milk and blood neutrophils in dairy cows

et al. 2001

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-The local and systemic effects of intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection on the chemiluminescence (CL) of milk and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were investigated in six healthy early lactation cows. Clinical signs of acute mastitis such as fever, increased heart rate and a decreased milk production were observed in all cows. Before LPS challenge, the CL activity of milk PMN was significantly lower than that of blood PMN (P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between pre-challenge milk and blood PMN CL and, the decreased milk production in unchallenged quarters. The CL activity of milk PMN from LPS-injected quarters increased following LPS challenge, whereas it remained unchanged in control quarters. The CL activity of blood PMN showed a biphasic increase, with two peaks and a valley below pre-challenge CL activity (P < 0.01). At post-challenge hours (PCH) 6 and 12, the CL activity of milk PMN from LPS-injected quarters exceeded that of blood PMN (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The decreased CL activity of blood PMN and the enhanced CL activity of milk PMN during endotoxin-induced mastitis was reflected by changes in the shape of the CL curve. In blood PMN, a decrease of the second peak of the CL curve suggests that the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H 2 O 2 system is impaired during endotoxin-induced mastitis. In contrast, the MPO-H 2 O 2 system was enhanced in milk PMN from challenged quarters. The highest duration and intensity of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production was observed in milk PMN from LPS-injected quarters at PCH 12. The increased viability of PMN in LPS-injected quarters and to a lesser extent in control quarters suggests possible effects of both facilitated diapedesis and inflammatory mediators on milk PMN survival. In conclusion, our results suggest that a combination of local and systemic action of E. coli endotoxin is involved in the priming of milk PMN during mastitis. chemiluminescence / polymorphonuclear leukocyte / lipopolysaccharide / milk / blood Vet. Res. 32 (2001) [131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144] 131

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Role of the neutrophil leucocyte in the local and systemic reactions during experimentally induced e.coli mastitis in cows immediately after calving

Cited by 117 publications

References 34 publications

Shedding of sCD14 by bovine neutrophils following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide results in down-regulation of IL-8

Shedding of sCD14 by bovine neutrophils following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide results in down-regulation of IL-8

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

Local and systemic effects of endotoxin mastitis on the chemiluminescence of milk and blood neutrophils in dairy cows

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