Role of the Microbiome in Aedes spp. Vector Competence: What Do We Know?

Ferreira, Qesya Rodrigues; Lemos, Fabian Fellipe Bueno; Moura, Matheus Nascimento; Nascimento, Jéssica Oliveira de Souza; Novaes, Ana Flávia; Barcelos, Isadora de Souza; Fernandes, Larissa Alves; Amaral, Liliany Souza de Brito; Barreto, Fernanda Khouri; Melo, Fabrício Freire de

doi:10.3390/v15030779

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The mosquito microbiota influences host development, nutrition, reproduction, and immune responses to invading organisms [ 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 ]. While the composition of the mosquito microbiota is largely defined by the environment in which they live [ 215 , 216 , 217 ], resident bacteria can modulate the development and replication of parasites and viruses within their vectors [ 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Insect-microbiota Associations In Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Katak,

Cintra,

Burini

et al. 2023

Insects

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Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause human diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika fever, and filariasis. Biotechnological approaches using microorganisms have a significant potential to control mosquito populations and reduce their vector competence, making them alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Ongoing research has identified many microorganisms that can be used effectively to control mosquito populations and disease transmission. However, the successful implementation of these newly proposed approaches requires a thorough understanding of the multipronged microorganism–mosquito–pathogen–environment interactions. Although much has been achieved in discovering new entomopathogenic microorganisms, antipathogen compounds, and their mechanisms of action, only a few have been turned into viable products for mosquito control. There is a discrepancy between the number of microorganisms with the potential for the development of new insecticides and/or antipathogen products and the actual available products, highlighting the need for investments in the intersection of basic research and biotechnology.

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Section: The Role Of Insect-microbiota Associations In Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Katak,

Cintra,

Burini

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…aegypti, prior studies show that temperature (1,2) and geographic origin (3,4) are major determinants of ZIKV vector competence. Other factors, including the microbial environment of mosquito vectors, have been subject to much recent study (reviewed in Ferriera et al (5)). The microbiota of Aedes spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial exposure across life reduces susceptibility ofAedes aegyptito Zika virus by enhancing blood digestion and limiting midgut cell infection

Louie

Ramírez

Mack

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The worldwide expansion of mosquito-borne pathogens necessitates improved control measures, including approaches to restrict infection and transmission by mosquito vectors. Reducing transmission is challenging because determinants of vector competence for viruses like Zika (ZIKV) are poorly understood. Our previous work established thatAedes (Ae.) aegyptilarvae reared in microbe-rich environmental water are less susceptible to ZIKV as adults compared to cohorts reared in microbe-deficient laboratory tap water. Here, we explain the association by identifying a mechanism by which environment-derived microbes reduce susceptibility ofAe. aegyptifor ZIKV. Provided that the midgut represents the first barrier to mosquito infection, we hypothesized that microbial exposure modulates midgut infection by ZIKV. Since mosquitoes live in water as larvae and pupae and then transition to air as adults, we also define the stage in the life of a mosquito when microbial exposure reduces ZIKV susceptibility.Ae. aegyptilarvae were reared in microbe-rich water and then treated with antibiotics during the pupal and adult stages, adult stage only, or provided no antibiotics at any stage. Vector competence was next evaluated in mosquitoes that ingested ZIKV-spiked bloodmeals. Antibiotic treatment enhanced ZIKV infection and dissemination rates, especially inAe. aegyptitreated as both pupae and adults. Antibiotic treated adult mosquitoes also had increased midgut epithelium permeability, higher numbers of ZIKV-infected midgut cells, and impaired bloodmeal digestion. Consistent with these changes,Ae. aegyptitreated with antibiotics as pupae and adults that ingested ZIKV in bloodmeals showed reduced expression of genes associated with bloodmeal digestion and metabolism relative to mosquitoes that were not antibiotic treated. Together, these data show that exposure to microbes throughout the life ofAe. aegyptirestricts ZIKV dissemination by facilitating blood digestion and limiting midgut cell infection. Understanding the roles mosquito microbiota play in determining midgut physiology and arbovirus susceptibility can lead to novel approaches to decrease mosquito transmission and will improve understanding of vector competence in microbe-rich environmental habitats.Author SummaryMosquito-transmitted viruses like Zika continue to threaten human health. Absent vaccines or treatments, controlling mosquitoes or limiting their ability to transmit viruses represents a primary way to prevent mosquito-borne viral diseases. The role mosquito microbiota play in shaping transmission of Zika virus has been limited to association-based studies. Our prior work showed thatAedes aegyptimosquito larvae that develop in bacteria-rich water are less susceptible to Zika virus compared to larvae reared in microbe-poor laboratory tap water. Here we identify a mechanism that explains this association. Since mosquitoes are aquatic as larvae and pupae and terrestrial as adults, we also define the life stage when microbes need be present to reduce Zika virus susceptibility. We used antibiotics to reduce environmental water-derived microbes at pupal and adult or only adult stages and observed that, compared to mosquitoes with microbes, antibiotic treatment increases Zika virus dissemination, increases permeability and infection of the midgut, and impairs bloodmeal digestion. These data show that microbial exposure throughout the life of a mosquito restricts Zika virus dissemination by facilitating blood digestion and limiting midgut cell infection. These findings advance understanding of microbiota-mosquito-virus interactions by defining how microbes reduce susceptibility ofAedes aegyptito Zika virus.

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"Symbiotic secrets: exploring the gut microbiome of Aedes aegypti larvae and its role in mosquito physiology"

Francis,

Sebastian,

Sudhikumar

et al. 2024

Int J Trop Insect Sci

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Role of the Microbiome in Aedes spp. Vector Competence: What Do We Know?

Cited by 8 publications

References 86 publications

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Microbial exposure across life reduces susceptibility ofAedes aegyptito Zika virus by enhancing blood digestion and limiting midgut cell infection

"Symbiotic secrets: exploring the gut microbiome of Aedes aegypti larvae and its role in mosquito physiology"

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