Role of the rs10401670 variant in the resistin gene on the metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a high‐fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern

Abstract

Background The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs10401670) of the RETN gene has been associated with metabolic disorder in obese subjects and has scarcely been evaluated after dietary interventions. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of the rs10401670 RETN gene polymorphism on metabolic changes secondary to weight loss and secondary to a high‐fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Methods A Caucasian population comprising 284 obese patients without diabetes mellitus was analysed. Before and after 3 months of a high‐fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. A statistical analysis was conducted for the combined CT and TT as a group and for wild‐type CC as a second group. Results Decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were similar in both genotypes groups. In T allele carriers, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), triglycerides and C‐reactive protein levels were decreased. The decrease in these parameters was statistically significant for triglycerides (−22.3 ± 9.3 mg dl–1: p = 0.03), C‐reactive protein (−2.8 ± 0.5 mg dl–1: p = 0.03), insulin (−7.4 ± 2.9 mUI L–1: p = 0.03) and HOMA‐IR (−2.4 ± 1.0: p = 0.02). Leptin levels were decreased in both genotypes groups after the hypocaloric diet, as well as the anthropometric parameters BMI, weight, waist circumference and fat mass. Resistin and adiponectin levels remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions In the present study, we have detected a significant association between the T allele of this SNP and a better response of insulin resistance, triglycerides and C‐reactive protein compared to non T allele carriers after weight loss with a high‐fat hypocaloric diet and a Mediterranean diet.

Gene–environment interactions in human health

“…This brief editorial provides just a snapshot of some of the key insights into gene-environment interactions and relationships with health outcomes presented in the 12 original articles that follow. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The results and discussion presented herein highlight the important role of diet (and potentially other environmental factors) with respect to gene expression and ultimately an individual's health status. A better understanding of gene-environment interactions and the biological pathways that underpin these relationships will help identify diet or metabolic targets for interventions aimed at maintaining or improving health throughout the lifecycle.…”

“…This special issue of the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics comprises a compilation of 12 original research articles that focus on associations between genes and environment as well as gene-environment interactions in human health, with a particular emphasis on diet, body composition and metabolic health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Human gene-environment associations and interactions can be investigated using a range of study designs, including the classic twin study, which collects data from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and typically uses some form of structural equation modelling to estimate the proportion of variation in a trait explained by genes, shared environment and unique environment. 13 Other study designs include the traditional candidate-gene study, which examines associations between genes and environmental exposures, usually where there is a known link between the gene and the exposure, or the more complex genome-wide association study, which usually assumes no prior hypothesis and examines the entire genome for interactions with various environmental exposures.…”

“…This brief editorial provides just a snapshot of some of the key insights into gene–environment interactions and relationships with health outcomes presented in the 12 original articles that follow 1–12 . The results and discussion presented herein highlight the important role of diet (and potentially other environmental factors) with respect to gene expression and ultimately an individual's health status.…”

“…Diet is one of the key aspects of the environment that impacts health along with others such as lifestyle, physical activity and the gut microbiome. This special issue of the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics comprises a compilation of 12 original research articles that focus on associations between genes and environment as well as gene–environment interactions in human health, with a particular emphasis on diet, body composition and metabolic health 1–12 …”