Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?

Yaugel-Novoa, Melyssa; Bourlet, Thomas; Paul, Stéphane

doi:10.1038/s41385-022-00569-w

Cited by 30 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…We used saliva IgA as a surrogate marker of mucosal immunity ( 10 ). Indeed, two major antibody classes operate in this fluid: secretory IgA and IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protection of the respiratory tract is particularly complex since it is provided by the integrity of the epithelial barriers, a protective mucus layer propelled by cilia, antimicrobial peptides and innate immune cells as well as by an adaptive immune response initiated at the inductive sites of nasopharynx-associated-lymphoid tissue (NALT) ( 10 ). The local microbiota has also been described as a modulator of the immune response ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Denis¹,

Garnier²,

Cheutin³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionCurrent approved COVID-19 vaccines, notably mRNA and adenoviral vectored technologies, still fail to fully protect against infection and transmission of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mucosal immunity at the upper respiratory tract represents the first line of defense against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and is thus critical to develop vaccine blocking human-to-human transmission.MethodsWe measured systemic and mucosal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in serum and saliva from 133 healthcare workers from Percy teaching military hospital following a mild infection (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, n=58) or not infected (n=75), and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Vaxzevria®/Astrazeneca and/or Comirnaty®/Pfizer).ResultsWhile serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA response lasted up to 16 months post-infection, IgA response in saliva had mostly fallen to baseline level at 6 months post-infection. Vaccination could reactivate the mucosal response generated by prior infection, but failed to induce a significant mucosal IgA response by itself. Early post-COVID-19 serum anti-Spike-NTD IgA titer correlated with seroneutralization titers. Interestingly, its saliva counterpart positively correlated with persistent smell and taste disorders more than one year after mild COVID-19.DiscussionAs breakthrough infections have been correlated with IgA levels, other vaccine platforms inducing a better mucosal immunity are needed to control COVID-19 infection in the future. Our results encourage further studies to explore the prognosis potential of anti-Spike-NTD IgA in saliva at predicting persistent smell and taste disorders.

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“…We used saliva IgA as a surrogate marker of mucosal immunity ( 10 ). Indeed, two major antibody classes operate in this fluid: secretory IgA and IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Denis¹,

Garnier²,

Cheutin³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most efficient vaccine platforms or route of administration inducing mucosal immunity are needed in the future for COVID-19 control, as already shown in preclinical studies (7,9). We used saliva IgA as a surrogate marker of mucosal immunity (10). Indeed, two major antibody classes operate in this fluid: secretory IgA and IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Denis¹,

Garnier²,

Cheutin³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Current approved COVID-19 vaccines, notably mRNA and adenoviral vectored technologies, still fail to fully protect against infection and transmission of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mucosal immunity at the upper respiratory tract represents the first line of defense against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and is thus critical to develop vaccine blocking human-to-human transmission. We measured systemic and mucosal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in serum and saliva from 133 healthcare workers from Percy teaching military hospital following a mild infection (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, n=58) or not infected (n=75), and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Vaxzevria/Astrazeneca and/or Comirnaty/Pfizer). While serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA response lasted up to 16 months post-infection, IgA response in saliva had mostly fallen to baseline level at 6 months post-infection. Vaccination could reactivate the mucosal response generated by prior infection, but failed to induce a significant mucosal IgA response by itself. As breakthrough infections have been correlated with IgA levels, other vaccine platforms inducing a better mucosal immunity are needed to control COVID-19 infection in the future. Early post-COVID-19 serum anti-Spike-NTD IgA titer correlated with seroneutralization titers. Interestingly, its saliva counterpart positively correlated with persistent smell and taste disorders more than one year after mild COVID-19, and could potentially be used as an early prognosis biomarker.

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“…Host cell-secreted IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies are primarily directed against the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2, and extensive research is underway to identify these antibodies against specific epitopes on these proteins. [70][71][72] The median time for seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2specific IgA antibodies is approximately 1 week after symptom onset, 73,74 slightly earlier than that for IgG and IgM antibodies (approximately 2 weeks after symptom onset). 68,75 However, the duration of virus-specific IgM and IgA antibodies is shorter than that of IgG antibodies, and the levels of the IgA and IgM antibodies decrease more rapidly than those of IgG antibodies.…”

Section: Protective and Pathological Functions Of Fc-dependent Sars-c...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood‐derived product therapies for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID

Wu,

Yang,

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is capable of large‐scale transmission and has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Patients with COVID‐19 may experience persistent long‐term health issues, known as long COVID. Both acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID have resulted in persistent negative impacts on global public health. The effective application and development of blood‐derived products are important strategies to combat the serious damage caused by COVID‐19. Since the emergence of COVID‐19, various blood‐derived products that target or do not target SARS‐CoV‐2 have been investigated for therapeutic applications. SARS‐CoV‐2‐targeting blood‐derived products, including COVID‐19 convalescent plasma, COVID‐19 hyperimmune globulin, and recombinant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing immunoglobulin G, are virus‐targeting and can provide immediate control of viral infection in the short term. Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐targeting blood‐derived products, including intravenous immunoglobulin and human serum albumin exhibit anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulatory properties. Rational use of these products can be beneficial to patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or long COVID. With evidence accumulated since the pandemic began, we here summarize the progress of blood‐derived product therapies for COVID‐19, discuss the effective methods and scenarios regarding these therapies, and provide guidance and suggestions for clinical treatment.

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Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?

Cited by 30 publications

References 184 publications

Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders

Blood‐derived product therapies for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID

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