Role of the gut as a primary lymphoid organ

Peaudecerf, Laetitia; Rocha, Bénédita

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2011.05.009

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Memory CD8 T cells are broadly distributed throughout the host organism, but the overall magnitude and anatomic apportionment of this population remain unclear and controversial (Ganusov and De Boer, 2007; Masopust et al, 2001; Peaudecerf and Rocha, 2011; Reinhardt et al, 2001, Rocha et al, 1991). To address this gap, we enumerated a single trackable memory CD8 T cell population established by a well-studied infection model in mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous identification of significant recirculation through major NLT (Klonowski et al, 2004) requires reassessment in light of recent discoveries of bloodborne populations contaminating even perfused tissues (Anderson et al, 2014). Moreover, while quantitative analyses typically depend on ex vivo isolation to determine memory CD8 T cell subset and phenotype, the accuracy of this approach has not been validated (Peaudecerf and Rocha, 2011; Selby et al, 1984). To address these gaps in the field, we performed a stringent and comprehensive quantitative analysis using migration properties to identify T RM , T EM , and T CM populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance

Steinert

Schenkel

Fraser

et al. 2015

Cell

592

686

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Summary Memory CD8 T cells protect against intracellular pathogens by scanning host cell surfaces, thus infection detection rates depend on memory cell number and distribution. Population analyses rely on isolation from whole organs and interpretation is predicated on presumptions of near complete cell recovery. Paradigmatically, memory is parsed into central, effector, and resident subsets, ostensibly defined by immunosurveillance patterns, but in practice identified by phenotypic markers. Because isolation methods ultimately inform models of memory T cell differentiation, protection, and vaccine translation, we tested their validity via parabiosis and quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of a mouse memory CD8 T cell population. We report three major findings: lymphocyte isolation fails to recover most cells and biases against certain subsets, residents greatly outnumber recirculating cells within nonlymphoid tissues, and memory subset homing to inflammation does not conform to previously hypothesized migration patterns. These results indicate that most host cells are surveyed for reinfection by segregated residents rather than by recirculating cells that migrate throughout the blood and body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance

Steinert

Schenkel

Fraser

et al. 2015

Cell

592

686

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“…As mentioned above, an extra-thymic origin of IELs has been suggested in mammals too [89,94e96]. In addition, decades ago it was shown in mammals that TCRgd/CD8aa IEL can develop in the absence of a functional thymus [97] and more recently the role of the gut as a primary lymphoid organ has been postulated [98]. Nonetheless, thymus and intestine appear to be the first organs to be populated with T cells in carp as well as in seabass, and later on systemic lymphoid organs like the head kidney and the spleen get invaded by T cells [76].…”

Section: Mucosal T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces of teleost fish

Rombout

Gao

Kiron

2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

257

141

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This review describes the extant knowledge on the teleostean mucosal adaptive immune mechanisms, which is relevant for the development of oral or mucosal vaccines. In the last decade, a number of studies have shed light on the presence of new key components of mucosal immunity: a distinct immunoglobulin class (IgT or IgZ) and the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). In addition, intestinal T cells and their putative functions, antigen uptake mechanisms at mucosal surfaces and new mucosal vaccination strategies have been reported. New information on pIgR of Atlantic cod and common carp and comparison of natural and specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the gut of common carp and European seabass, is also included in this review. Based on the known facts about intestinal immunology and mucosal vaccination, suggestions are made for the advancement of fish vaccines.

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“…CD8 αα + IELs develop in the gut microenvironment, can be CD4+ and either NK, TCR αβ + or TCR γδ +, and express an oligoclonal TCR repertoire [58–61]. CD8 αα + IELs are thought to have an extrathymic origin or derive from early thymus precursors [62] and, in rats, are abundant cells both during suckling and adult life [30, 54]. CD8+CD4+ IELs are hardly found during the suckling period and expand after weaning (Figure 2(a)) [30, 63].…”

Section: Immune System Development In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Suckling Rat as a Model for Immunonutrition Studies in Early Life

Pérez-Cano

Franch

Castellote

et al. 2012

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

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Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal immune function. Research demonstrates the immunomodulatory properties and mechanisms of particular nutrients; however, these aspects are studied less in early life, when diet may exert an important role in the immune development of the neonate. Besides the limited data from epidemiological and human interventional trials in early life, animal models hold the key to increase the current knowledge about this interaction in this particular period. This paper reports the potential of the suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. In particular, it describes the main changes in the systemic and mucosal immune system development during rat suckling and allows some of these elements to be established as target biomarkers for studying the influence of particular nutrients. Different approaches to evaluate these immune effects, including the manipulation of the maternal diet during gestation and/or lactation or feeding the nutrient directly to the pups, are also described in detail. In summary, this paper provides investigators with useful tools for better designing experimental approaches focused on nutrition in early life for programming and immune development by using the suckling rat as a model.

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Role of the gut as a primary lymphoid organ

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance

Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance

Adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces of teleost fish

The Suckling Rat as a Model for Immunonutrition Studies in Early Life

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