Role of the GH-IGF-1 system in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout postsmolts at elevated water temperature

Hevrøy, Ernst M.; Tipsmark, Christian K.; Remø, Sofie C.; Hansen, Tom; Fukuda, Miki; Torgersen, T.; Vikeså, Vibeke; Waagbø, Rune; Shimizu, Munetaka

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.030

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Reduced growth and lower condition factor at high temperatures has previously been documented in Atlantic salmon (Kullgren et al, 2013;Hevrøy et al, 2015). In particular, decreased food intake and lowered feed conversion efficiency in fish acclimated to 18°C compared with 12°C was found to be associated with elevated plasma levels of growth hormone and leptin, while several metabolites in energy metabolism were reduced at 18°C (Kullgren et al, 2013).…”

Section: Physiological Limitations At High Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 69%

The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar

Hvas

Folkedal

Imsland

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The Atlantic salmon is extensively studied owing to conservation concerns and its economic importance in aquaculture. However, a thorough report of their aerobic capacity throughout their entire thermal niche has not been described. In this study, Atlantic salmon (∼450 g) were acclimated for 4 weeks at 3, 8, 13, 18 or 23°C, and then tested in a large Brett-type swimming respirometer in groups of 10 per trial. Both standard metabolic rate and active metabolic rate continued to increase with temperature, which resulted in an aerobic scope that also increased with temperature, but was statistically similar between 13, 18 and 23°C. The critical swimming speed peaked at 18°C (93.1±1.2 cm s −1 ), and decreased significantly at the extreme temperatures to 74.8±0.5 and 84.8±1.6 cm s −1 at 3 and 23°C, respectively. At 23°C, the accumulated mortality reached 20% over 4 weeks, while no fish died during acclimation at colder temperatures. Furthermore, fish at 23°C had poor appetite and lower condition factor despite still having a high aerobic scope, suggesting that oxygen uptake was not the limiting factor in the upper thermal niche boundary. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon were able to maintain a high aerobic capacity and good swimming capabilities throughout the entire thermal interval tested, thus demonstrating a high level of flexibility in respiratory capacity towards different temperature exposures.

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Section: Physiological Limitations At High Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 69%

The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar

Hvas

Folkedal

Imsland

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…During the 35 days long experiment both species grew well, and there was no mortality [ 3 ]. The rainbow trout had a higher feed intake and growth rate compared to the Atlantic salmon, however no differences were found within the species as a result of different temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rainbow trout had a higher feed intake and growth rate compared to the Atlantic salmon, however no differences were found within the species as a result of different temperatures. The mean end weight was 196 ± 4 g (SD) for Atlantic salmon and 293 ± 8 g for rainbow trout [ 3 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the summer months, periods of naturally high or fluctuating sea water temperatures may cause unfavourable conditions for farmed salmonids, resulting in several physiological and fitness consequences [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In a study by Waagbø et al [ 7 ] a natural increase in seawater temperatures (in the range 12–18.5°C) resulted in a higher prevalence of cataracts in adult Atlantic salmon during the second year in sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lens metabolomic profiling as a tool to understand cataractogenesis in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout reared at optimum and high temperature

Remø¹,

Hevrøy²,

Breck³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Periods of high or fluctuating seawater temperatures result in several physiological challenges for farmed salmonids, including an increased prevalence and severity of cataracts. The aim of the present study was to compare cataractogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at two temperatures, and investigate whether temperature influences lens metabolism and cataract development. Atlantic salmon (101±2 g) and rainbow trout (125±3 g) were reared in seawater at either 13°C (optimum for growth) or 19°C during the 35 days experiment (n = 4 tanks for each treatment). At the end of the experiment, the prevalence of cataracts was nearly 100% for Atlantic salmon compared to ~50% for rainbow trout, irrespective of temperature. The severity of the cataracts, as evaluated by slit-lamp inspection of the lens, was almost three fold higher in Atlantic salmon compared to rainbow trout. The global metabolic profile revealed differences in lens composition and metabolism between the two species, which may explain the observed differences in cataract susceptibility between the species. The largest differences were seen in the metabolism of amino acids, especially the histidine metabolism, and this was confirmed by a separate quantitative analysis. The global metabolic profile showed temperature dependent differences in the lens carbohydrate metabolism, osmoregulation and redox homeostasis. The results from the present study give new insight in cataractogenesis in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout reared at high temperature, in addition to identifying metabolic markers for cataract development.

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“…Another study by the same group showed that an elevated water temperature at 19°C decreased plasma IGFBP-1b in Atlantic salmon whereas higher levels of IGFBP-1b were seen in rainbow trout, suggesting these two species handled elevated temperature differently (Hevrøy et al, 2015). In channel catfish, a higher water temperature (26°C versus 20°C) increased a 19-kDa IGFBP (Johnson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in fish: Their identities and physiological regulation

Shimizu

Dickhoff

2017

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) play crucial roles in regulating the availability of IGFs to receptors and prolong the half-lives of IGFs. There are six IGFBPs present in the mammalian circulation with IGFBP-3 being most abundant. In mammals IGFBP-3 is the major carrier of circulating IGFs, facilitated by forming a ternary complex with IGF and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). IGFBP-1 is generally inhibitory to IGF action by preventing it from interacting with its receptors. In teleosts, the third-round of vertebrate whole genome duplication created paralogs of each IGFBP, except IGFBP-4. In the fish circulation, three major IGFBPs are typically detected at molecular ranges of 20-25, 28-32 and 40-50kDa. However, their identities are not well established. Three major circulating IGFBPs in Chinook salmon have been identified through protein purification and cDNA cloning. Salmon 28- and 22-kDa IGFBPs are co-orthologs of IGFBP-1, termed IGFBP-1a and -1b, respectively. They are induced under catabolic conditions such as stress and fasting but their responses are somewhat different, with IGFBP-1b being the most sensitive of the two. Cortisol stimulates production and secretion of these IGFBP-1 subtypes while, unlike in mammals, insulin may not be a primary suppressor. Salmon 41-kDa IGFBP, a major carrier of IGF-I, is not IGFBP-3, as might be expected extrapolating from mammals, but is in fact IGFBP-2b. Salmon IGFBP-2b levels in plasma are high when fish are fed, and GH treatment increases its circulating levels similar to mammalian IGFBP-3. These findings suggest that salmon IGFBP-2b acquired the role and regulation similar to mammalian IGFBP-3. Multiple replications of fish IGFBPs offer a unique opportunity to investigate molecular evolution of IGFBPs.

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Role of the GH-IGF-1 system in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout postsmolts at elevated water temperature

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar

The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar

Lens metabolomic profiling as a tool to understand cataractogenesis in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout reared at optimum and high temperature

Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in fish: Their identities and physiological regulation

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