Role of the Effort Index in Predicting Neuromuscular Fatigue During Resistance Exercises

Rodríguez-Rosell, David; Yáñez-García, Juan Manuel; Mora-Custodio, Ricardo; Torres-Torrelo, Julio; Ribas-Serna, Juan; González-Badillo, Juan José

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003805

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Our main findings were that VL10% resulted in greater improvements in CMJ and sprinting performance, and similar or even greater increments in muscle strength and muscle endurance than VL30% and VL45%, whereas no statistically significant changes were observed in EMG variables for any training group. Therefore, our results seem to suggest that a lower intra‐set volume (expressed and monitored, in this case, by the percent VL reached in each set) allows for a more efficient training stimulus, since it yields similar or even greater gains in neuromuscular performance while performing significantly less repetitions and inducing a much lower degree of effort or fatigue (mechanical and physiological stress) compared to higher training volumes that result in higher velocity losses 14,41,43 . Despite the relevance of these results, it is important to note that the current findings may differ in other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The EMG variables calculated were as follows: root mean square (RMS), median power frequency (F med ), and maximal power frequency (F max ). Reliability of these sEMG variables has recently been reported elsewhere 41 . EMG data were collected using LabChart software version 7.0 (National Instruments Corporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the present findings and those of previous research, 17,18,23 coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should consider using magnitudes of VL in the set as low as 10% in the design of RT programs aimed at improving physical performance, since these have proven greatly effective for obtaining considerable strength gains and positive lower‐body strength transfer to actual high‐speed actions such as jumping and sprinting. In addition to the benefits on neuromuscular performance, these lower velocity losses reached in the exercise sets are associated with a much lower degree of fatigue and faster recovery times, 14,41,50 which could help individuals to better cope with the overall training load. Taken together, the results of the present study contribute to an increasing body of recent research (performed with an unprecedented level of control over the training variables) that challenges the traditional heavy‐resistance, greatly fatiguing, strength training “dogma”.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance

Rodríguez-Rosell

Yáñez-García

Mora-Custodio

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study aimed to compare the effects of three resistance training (RT) programs differing in the magnitude of velocity loss (VL) allowed in each exercise set: 10%, 30%, or 45% on changes in strength, vertical jump, sprint performance, and EMG variables. Thirty‐three young men were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (VL10%, VL30%, and VL45%; n = 11 each) that performed a velocity‐based RT program for 8 weeks using only the full squat exercise (SQ). Training load (55–70% 1RM), frequency (2 sessions/week), number of sets (3), and inter‐set recovery (4 min) were identical for all groups. Running sprint (20 m), countermovement jump (CMJ), 1RM, muscle endurance, and EMG during SQ were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. All groups showed significant (VL10%: 6.4–58.6%; VL30%: 4.5–66.2%; VL45%: 1.8–52.1%; p < 0.05–0.001) improvements in muscle strength and muscle endurance. However, a significant group × time interaction (p < 0.05) was observed in CMJ, with VL10% showing greater increments (11.9%) than VL30% and VL45%. In addition, VL10% resulted in greater percent change in sprint performance than the other two groups (VL10%: −2.4%; VL30%: −1.8%; and VL45%: −0.5%). No significant changes in EMG variables were observed for any group. RT with loads of 55–70% 1RM characterized by a low‐velocity loss (VL10%) provides a very effective and efficient training stimulus since it yields similar strength gains and greater improvements in sports‐related neuromuscular performance (jump and sprint) compared to training with higher velocity losses (VL30%, VL45%). These findings indicate that the magnitude of VL reached in each exercise set considerably influences the observed training adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance

Rodríguez-Rosell

Yáñez-García

Mora-Custodio

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…velocity conditions. Since alterations in EMG variables can be related to the degree of fatigue, several studies have focused on analyzing changes in these variables during and after RT protocols [10,18,[35][36][37]. However, few studies have compared the EMG response to REP that differed in voluntary lifting velocity [10] where, in any case, only a limited number of variables (RMS) was analyzed.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Velocity as a Determinant of Actual Intensity in Resistance Exercise

Yáñez-García¹,

Mora-Custodio²,

Ribas-Serna³

et al. 2022

Int J Sports Med

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This study aimed to analyze the acute mechanical, metabolic and EMG response to five resistance exercise protocols (REP) in the full squat (SQ) exercise performed with 2 velocity conditions: maximal intended velocity (MaxV) vs. half-maximal velocity (HalfV). Eleven resistance-trained men performed 10 REP (5 with each velocity conditions) in random order (72-96 h apart). The REP consisted of 3 sets of 8-3 repetitions against 45-65% 1RM. The percent change in countermovement jump (CMJ) height, velocity attained with the load that elicited a ~1.00 m·s-1 (V1-load), surface EMG variables and blood lactate concentration were assessed pre- vs. post-exercise protocols. MaxV resulted in greater percent changes (Δ: 12-25%) and intra-condition effect sizes (ES: 0.76-4.84) in loss of V1-load and CMJ height compared to HalfV (Δ: 10-16%; ES: 0.65-3.90) following all REP. In addition, MaxV showed higher post-exercise lactate concentration than HalfV (ES: 0.46-0.83; p<0.05). For EMG variables, only the Dimitrov index resulted in relevant changes after each REP, with MaxV showing greater magnitude of changes (23-38%) than HalfV (12-25%) across all REP. These results suggest that voluntary movement velocity is a key aspect to consider since it clearly determines the overall training intensity during resistance exercise.

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“…This is likely to lead to different acute and chronic neuromuscular responses between individuals. Several studies have attempted to find strategies to objectively quantify the level of effort and to adequately control RT volume without disrupting the individual's daily RT routine with time-consuming tests [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different intra-set velocity loss thresholds on lower-limb adaptations to resistance training in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gantois¹,

Nakamura²,

Alcázar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The level of effort seems to play a key role in determining neuromuscular adaptations; however, less is known regarding the optimal dose-response for intra-set levels of effort on chronic resistance training (RT) adaptations. Objective: We aimed to synthesize the current literature on chronic RT adaptations in response to different intra-set velocity loss (VL) thresholds in the back squat exercise. We investigated changes in muscle strength, muscular endurance, sports-related physical performance, and muscle hypertrophy outcomes during resistance exercise to establish optimal dose-response relationships in physically active individuals.Methods: We conducted a literature search using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science™, Scopus, and Cochrane up to April 2021, with no restriction on year of publication. The inclusion criteria were based on the PICO strategy. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to determine the standardized mean differences (SMD ± 95% confidence intervals) for different intra-set VL thresholds (low VL [< 15%], moderate VL [≥ 15% and < 30%], and high VL [≥ 30%]) in RT on maximum muscular strength, bar velocity against submaximal loads, endurance against a given load, countermovement jump height, running sprint time, and muscle hypertrophy. Results: A total of 4,031 articles were found and 11 studies met our eligibility criteria. Pooled results revealed improvements between pre- and post-training intervention in 1RM strength (SMD = 0.78; p < 0.001); bar velocity outputs (light-loads [SMD = 0.79; p < 0.001] and heavy-loads [SMD = 2.08; p < 0.001]); endurance against a given load (SMD = 1.21; p < 0.001); countermovement jump height (SMD = 0.50; p < 0.001); running sprint time (SMD = - 0.28; p = 0.001); and muscle hypertrophy (SMD = 0.31; p = 0.05), with no significant difference between VL thresholds (p > 0.05). However, low VL elicited greater within-group SMD for 1RM strength than moderate and high VL thresholds (SMD = 0.93; 0.72; and 0.75; for low, moderate, and high VL thresholds, respectively). Low and moderate VL thresholds resulted in greater within-group SMD than high VL thresholds for velocity against light loads (SMD for low VL = 0.89; moderate VL = 0.90; high VL = 0.59); countermovement jump height (SMD for low VL = 0.51; moderate VL = 0.58; high VL = 0.36); and running sprint time (SMD for low VL = -0.49; moderate VL = -0.32; high VL = -0.09). Moderate and high VL thresholds induced higher within-group SMD for muscle hypertrophy than low VL (SMD for low VL = 0.14; moderate VL = 0.40; high VL = 0.44). Conclusions: Low to moderate VL thresholds may provide more effective and efficient training stimuli for improving performance in strength-power tasks, due to the similar or even greater chronic adaptations achieved compared with high VL, despite the lower number of repetitions performed during the RT program. Conversely, moderate to high VL may provide more favorable training stimuli for inducing muscle hypertrophy. Strength coaches may apply these dose-response trends to design optimal RT stimuli based on their specific training goals. Protocol registration: The study protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020189321).

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Role of the Effort Index in Predicting Neuromuscular Fatigue During Resistance Exercises

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance

Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance

Movement Velocity as a Determinant of Actual Intensity in Resistance Exercise

The effects of different intra-set velocity loss thresholds on lower-limb adaptations to resistance training in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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