“…Aflatoxin B1 epoxide, − N -methylnitrosamines, − dimethyl sulfate, , tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N -methylnitrosourea, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine, N , N -dimethylnitrosamine, − , cyclophosphamide, , mitomycin C, , and ethylenimine are some examples of alkylating agents that give rise to N 5 -substituted FAPy adducts. N 5 -substituted FAPy adducts are also induced by leinamycin, pluramycins, azinomycin, , and S -(2-haloethyl)glutathione. , Structurally related unsubstituted FAPy adducts can be formed by a radical mechanism upon exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) − but are beyond the scope of this Perspective.…”