Role of textural properties and surface functionalities of selected carbons on the electrochemical behaviour of ionic liquid based-supercapacitors

Jaramillo, Mauricio Mora; Mendoza, Alvaro; Vaquero, Susana; Anderson, Marc A.; Palma, Jesús; Marcilla, Rebeca

doi:10.1039/c2ra21035e

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Since the specific energy of a supercapacitor is proportional to the square of the operating voltage ( E max = ${1 \over 2}$ CV 2 ), it remains a challenge to achieve high energy in aqueous media due to the low decomposition voltage limit of water (around 1.2 V) 64. In this sense, organic electrolytes or ionic liquids dissolved in propylene carbonate or acetonitrile (AN), allowing to operate the voltages of typically 2.5–2.7 V, have been employed in many commercial supercapacitors specially oriented to higher energy applications 65, 66.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Graphene Quantum Dots

Liu

Feng

Yan

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

612

424

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to the unique properties associated with both graphene and quantum dots. Here, a new application of GQDs as ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors is reported. To this end, a GQDs//GQDs symmetric micro‐supercapacitor is prepared using a simple electro‐deposition approach, and its electrochemical properties in aqueous electrolyte and ionic liquid electrolyte are systematically investigated. The results show that the as‐made GQDs micro‐supercapacitor has superior rate capability up to 1000 V s−1, excellent power response with very short relaxation time constant (τ0 = 103.6 μs in aqueous electrolyte and τ0 = 53.8 μs in ionic liquid electrolyte), and excellent cycle stability. Additionally, another GQDs//MnO2 asymmetric supercapacitor is also built using MnO2 nanoneedles as the positive electrode and GQDs as the negative electrode in aqueous electrolyte. Its specific capacitance and energy density are both two times higher than those of GQDs//GQDs symmetric micro‐supercapacitor in the same electrolyte. The results presented here may pave the way for a new promising application of GQDs in micropower suppliers and microenergy storage devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Graphene Quantum Dots

Liu

Feng

Yan

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

612

424

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“…A sample normalized capacitive frequency response (calculated using Eqs. [4][5][6] for an electrode made with PC 4-1-0 is shown in Fig. S7.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among the various carbon material properties, the pore size distribution has been shown to play a very significant role [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10]. Hierarchically porous carbons comprised of interconnected macropores (>50 nm), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.039 0008-6223/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, there has been considerable attention devoted towards understanding and tailoring the material properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and electrode processing conditions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] to enhance the performance of porous carbons used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Among the various carbon material properties, the pore size distribution has been shown to play a very significant role [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance

Bhandari

Dua

Estevez

et al. 2015

Carbon

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A B S T R A C TA new approach, based on a combination of salt and hard templating for producing multimodal porous carbons is demonstrated. The hard template, silica nanoparticles, generate mesopores ($22 nm), and in some cases borderline-macropores ($64 nm), resulting in high pore volume ($3.9 cm 3 /g) while the salt template, zinc chloride, generates borderline-mesopores ($2 nm), thus imparting high surface area ($2100 m 2 /g). The versatility of the proposed synthesis technique is demonstrated using: (i) dual salt templates with hard template resulting in magnetic, nanostructured-clay embedded ($27% clay content), high surface area ($1527 m 2 /g) bimodal carbons ($2 and 70 nm pores), (ii) multiple hard templates with salt template resulting in tri-modal carbons ($2, 12 and 28 nm pores), (iii) low temperature (450°C) synthesis of bimodal carbons afforded by the presence of hygroscopic salt template, (iv) easy coupling with physical activation approaches. A selected set of thus synthesized carbons were used to evaluate, for the first time, the simultaneous effects of carbon porosity and pressure applied during electrode fabrication on EDLC performance. Electrode pressing was found to be more favorable for carbons containing hard-templated mesopores ($87% capacitance retention at current density of 40 A/g) as compared to those without ($54% capacitance retention).

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“…In case of partially negative functional groups of carbonaceous materials like chlorine treated carbon prevent anion adsorption, or hydrophilic ILs indirectly bonded with the functionalities on surface of porous carbon electrode by hydrogen bonding and ions of ILs cannot be penetrated into narrow micropores. These ions block pores, and consequently, the specific capacitance was reduced especially at the high scan rate [41,42]. Interestingly, these functional groups of carbonaceous materials are helpful to increase the specific capacitance of SCs in conventional electrolytes especially the aqueous electrolytes due to pseudoreaction.…”

Section: Supercapacitors -Theoretical and Practical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid for High Voltage Supercapacitor

Yoo¹

2018

Supercapacitors - Theoretical and Practical Solutions

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Pure ionic liquids (ILs) and IL mixtures in organic solvents have been investigated for higher operating voltages around 3.0-4.0 V. ILs have design flexibility due to the numerous possible combinations of anions and cations. Current research on ILs as electrolytes has focused on several ILs, including imidazolium and pyrrolidinium. At early stages, various ILs have been studied as salts of electrolyte with organic solvents like acetonitrile and propylene carbonate. Neat ILs have been applied for high-performance electrolyte, and some of them have been used as electrolyte (1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). These liquid electrolytes need additional encapsulation; therefore, SCs applied ILs face difficulty in integration and manufacturing flexible devices. These drawbacks can be solved by adopting a polymer electrolyte because the ILs maintain the conductivity even when solidified, unlike a typical organic electrolyte. Common polymer matrixes such as PVdF, PMMA, and PVA have been suggested to embed ILs. Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) is also studied. PIL is a polymer electrolyte containing a polymer backbone and an IL species in the monomer repeat unit. PIL-based polymer electrolytes have high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, and high thermal stability.

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Role of textural properties and surface functionalities of selected carbons on the electrochemical behaviour of ionic liquid based-supercapacitors

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Superior Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Graphene Quantum Dots

Superior Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Graphene Quantum Dots

A combined salt–hard templating approach for synthesis of multi-modal porous carbons used for probing the simultaneous effects of porosity and electrode engineering on EDLC performance

Ionic Liquid for High Voltage Supercapacitor

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