Role of Surfactants in the Sorption of the Whitening Agent Tinopal CBS onto Viscose Fibers:  A Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study

Abstract

In the present work, we studied the role of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and a cationic surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, in the sorption of 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyl sodium sulfonate (Tinopal CBS) onto modified cellulose fibers. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to quantify the amount of sorbed Tinopal CBS on the fiber surface. Differences in the spectral properties and the efficiency of sorption of the whitener/surfactant/fiber system are explained in terms of electrostatic interactions. Our results also show that the sorption efficiency is greater for solutions containing cationic surfactants only below the critical micelle concentration, while anionic surfactants show a smooth influence on the sorption process.

Whitening regenerated cellulose fibers using fluorescent agent, surfactants, and salt—color indices measurements

“…For example, we observed that sorption of the FWA on regenerated cellulose fibers followed a Langmuir isotherm, which is characteristic of electrostatic interactions 14, 18. Nevertheless, we observed that, under similar conditions, Congo red has a higher substantivity than the FWA for regenerated cellulose fibers because in addition to electrostatic interaction it also undergoes hydrogen bonds and probably hydrophobic interactions with the fibers surface 18. It is postulated that hydrogen bonds involving Congo Red and cellulose fibers are due to a geometrical requirement where those groups of the dye involve with the hydrogen bonds have the same critical distance of 10.3 Å of two neighbor hydroxyl groups of the cellulose units 19…”

“…Dye sorption can be described by different types of isotherms that depend on the type of fiber‐dye interactions. For example, we observed that sorption of the FWA on regenerated cellulose fibers followed a Langmuir isotherm, which is characteristic of electrostatic interactions 14, 18. Nevertheless, we observed that, under similar conditions, Congo red has a higher substantivity than the FWA for regenerated cellulose fibers because in addition to electrostatic interaction it also undergoes hydrogen bonds and probably hydrophobic interactions with the fibers surface 18.…”

Determination of Tinopal CBS-X in rice papers and rice noodles using HPLC with fluorescence detection and LC-MS/MS

“…In addition, fluorescent organic compounds have natural affinities with various substrates and the amount of fluorescent emission is affected by the type of resin matrix (Shu & Ding 2009 Figure 1) has a molecular weight of about 562.56 and is known as a fluorescent whitening agent (FBZ 351) or STILBENE 3 (Pubchem;Stana et al 1995;Blanco et al 2001). Because Tinopal CBS-X has very good stability and solubility, it is suitable for incorporation in conventional or compact washing powders, liquid detergents, industrial detergents and washing creams (Iamazaki & Atvars 2006). Moreover, it is widely used for dyes, paper, paints, cellulose fibre, plastics, textiles, etc., to increase their whiteness and brightness (Damant & Castle 1999;Shu & Ding 2005;Yamaki et al 2005;Iamazaki & Atvars 2006;Iamazaki & Atvars 2007).…”

“…Because Tinopal CBS-X has very good stability and solubility, it is suitable for incorporation in conventional or compact washing powders, liquid detergents, industrial detergents and washing creams (Iamazaki & Atvars 2006). Moreover, it is widely used for dyes, paper, paints, cellulose fibre, plastics, textiles, etc., to increase their whiteness and brightness (Damant & Castle 1999;Shu & Ding 2005;Yamaki et al 2005;Iamazaki & Atvars 2006;Iamazaki & Atvars 2007).…”

“…A number of methods have been reported to detect fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), including Tinopal, in commercial products: spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of FWAs in textile and paper products (Burg et al 1977;Lepri et al 1985); florescence spectroscopy was employed for the quantification of Tinopal CBS on fibre surfaces (Iamazaki & Atvars 2006); thin layer chromatography coupled with fluorescence spectrophotometry was used for the separation of optical brighteners in laundry products (Schulze et al 1974); HPLC equipped with fluorescence detection (FLD) has been one of the frequently employed procedures for the separation and determination of FWAs in detergents and environmental samples such as lake water (Kirkpatrick 1977;McPherson & Omelczenko 1980;Micali et al 1984;Jasperse & Steiger 1992;Poiger et al 1996;Stoll & Giger 1997;Shu & Ding 2005;Shu & Ding 2009;Vindogopal & Peller 2010). In the research employing HPLC analysis, hot water extraction and/or C 18 -SPE cartridges were used as the major pre-treatment methods to separate FWAs from clothes and papers (Shu & Ding 2009;Vindogopal & Peller 2010).…”