Role of subnano-, nano- and submicron-surface features on osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Osteogenic activity of titanium surfaces with nanonetwork structures

“…37 The nanoscale surface roughness itself is considered a key factor for enhancing bovine fibronectin adsorption and may induce conformational change of fibronectin on nanoscale titanium surfaces. 16 Our work is in agreement with recent studies suggesting that different nanoscale surface roughness shows a different level of adhesive protein adsorption (Figure 3). …”

“…[3][4][5][6] Many studies have focused on the osseointegration process, and it is now described at both the histological and cellular levels. Previous work has shown that surface characteristics such as roughness, [7][8][9] wettability, [10][11][12][13][14] and surface structures [15][16][17] significantly influence cell differentiation and, as a consequence, osseointegration. 16,18 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent stem cells and represent a particularly attractive source for tissue engineering.…”

“…Previous work has shown that surface characteristics such as roughness, [7][8][9] wettability, [10][11][12][13][14] and surface structures [15][16][17] significantly influence cell differentiation and, as a consequence, osseointegration. 16,18 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent stem cells and represent a particularly attractive source for tissue engineering. BMMSCs are the first cells to colonize the biomaterial surface after implantation and are associated with osteogenic differentiation capacity.…”

MWCNTs enhance hBMSCs spreading but delay their proliferation in the direction of differentiation acceleration

“…4,5 This enhancement is additive, if not synergistic, with the introduction of surface nanoscale structures. 6,7 Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells showed a reduced proliferation on BMP containing PLLA nanofiber scaffolds, with a diameter of 0.217 mm, accompanied by an increase in gene expression of ALP, OC and collagen-I 8 or on electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) scaffolds composed of aligned or cross-aligned fibers, with 1-1.2 mm diameter, in respect to TCP and flat substrate. 9 Is it micro-nanoscale surface roughness 6 or nanoscale features 10 that elicit the promotion of osteogenic maturation through the decrease of cell number and the increase of important markers of mature osteoblast phenotype?…”

“…26 Live cell analysis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on transparent titanium demonstrated rapid cytoskeletal re-organization on the nanoscale surface features, which ultimately induced higher expression of osteoblast phenotype genes. 6 Born et al 18 found that during osteogenic differentiation the actin cytoskeleton was reorganized, resulting in thick nonaligned actin stress fibers. It is likely that the reorganization of the intracellular link is responsible for the transformation of the mechanical force into a biochemical signal, which in turn triggers cytoskeleton assembly.…”