Role of Subcellular ROS in Providing Resilience to Vascular Endothelium

Abstract

For decades, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial ischemia and infarction (MI). However, several large clinical trials failed to demonstrate beneficial outcomes in response to the global reduction of ROS in patients with underlying CVD. Recent studies from our and other labs showed that it is rather a critical balance between mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS than total ROS levels which determines resilience of coronary endothelial cells (EC). Here, we will discuss published and unpublished work that has helped elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which subcellular ROS levels, duration and localization modulate metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, energy production and utilization, and dNTP synthesis in EC. These redox-regulated processes play critical roles in providing resilience to EC which in turn help protect existing coronary vessels and induce coronary angiogenesis to improve post-MI recovery of cardiac function.

Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort as a medicinal and edible plant foods: Antioxidant, anti-aging and neuroprotective properties in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…Excessive ROS, a byproduct generated in an organism, could further induce oxidative stress and cause genomic stability together with damage to lipids and proteins, which has been linked to a number of chronic health problems, including aging, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases et al (Pisoschi and Pop, 2015;Aldosari et al, 2018;Lin et al, 2018). Aging is an inevitable process characterized by accumulating functional declines of physiological integrity that lead to impaired function and ultimately result in death (Fuellen et al, 2019).…”