“…Previous investigations show that the degradability of NP is significantly affected by the amount of degraded SOM (Zhang et al., 2009; Zhuo et al., 2019). SOM is crucial in protecting NPs from degradation by adsorption (Fei et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhuo et al., 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous investigations show that the degradability of NP is significantly affected by the amount of degraded SOM (Zhang et al, 2009;Zhuo et al, 2019). SOM is crucial in protecting NPs from degradation by adsorption (Fei et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhuo et al, 2019). The structure, aromaticity, and aliphaticity of SOM significantly affect the degradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediments (Ran et al, 2013;D.…”
A laboratory experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of organic carbon (OC) from riverine and marine sediments on the degradation of ring‐14C labeled nonylphenol (14C‐NP) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Researchers have isolated demineralized OC before and after oxidation, namely demineralized OC (DM) and resistant OC (ROC) fractions, respectively. The structures of DM and ROC are characterized using solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Unstable structures (O‐alkyl, OCH3/NCH, and COO/NC = O) show a significant and positive correlation with the degradation of 14C‐NP (R2 > 0.73, p < 0.05), thus suggesting that the NP absorbed in the unstable structures are easily degraded because of the decomposition of unstable components. The stable structures (alkyl C and non‐protonated aromatic C (Arom C‐C)) exhibit a significant and negative correlation with the degradation of 14C‐NP (R2 > 0.69, p < 0.05), thus suggesting that the NP absorbed and protected in these resistant structures are minimally degraded. The significant correlations among the degradation kinetic parameters (Frap and Fslow), OC structures (Falip and Farom), and microporosity further illustrate the important protective roles of OC structures and micropores in the degradation of 14C‐NP by H2O2 (R2 > 0.69, p < 0.05). The parent NP fraction that desorbed into the aqueous solution or extracted is completely degraded, indicating preferential degradation of the easily desorbed NP. This study provides important insights into the NP degradation mechanism in sediment–water systems, particularly regarding sediment OC structures and microporosity.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
“…Previous investigations show that the degradability of NP is significantly affected by the amount of degraded SOM (Zhang et al., 2009; Zhuo et al., 2019). SOM is crucial in protecting NPs from degradation by adsorption (Fei et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhuo et al., 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous investigations show that the degradability of NP is significantly affected by the amount of degraded SOM (Zhang et al, 2009;Zhuo et al, 2019). SOM is crucial in protecting NPs from degradation by adsorption (Fei et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhuo et al, 2019). The structure, aromaticity, and aliphaticity of SOM significantly affect the degradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediments (Ran et al, 2013;D.…”
A laboratory experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of organic carbon (OC) from riverine and marine sediments on the degradation of ring‐14C labeled nonylphenol (14C‐NP) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Researchers have isolated demineralized OC before and after oxidation, namely demineralized OC (DM) and resistant OC (ROC) fractions, respectively. The structures of DM and ROC are characterized using solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Unstable structures (O‐alkyl, OCH3/NCH, and COO/NC = O) show a significant and positive correlation with the degradation of 14C‐NP (R2 > 0.73, p < 0.05), thus suggesting that the NP absorbed in the unstable structures are easily degraded because of the decomposition of unstable components. The stable structures (alkyl C and non‐protonated aromatic C (Arom C‐C)) exhibit a significant and negative correlation with the degradation of 14C‐NP (R2 > 0.69, p < 0.05), thus suggesting that the NP absorbed and protected in these resistant structures are minimally degraded. The significant correlations among the degradation kinetic parameters (Frap and Fslow), OC structures (Falip and Farom), and microporosity further illustrate the important protective roles of OC structures and micropores in the degradation of 14C‐NP by H2O2 (R2 > 0.69, p < 0.05). The parent NP fraction that desorbed into the aqueous solution or extracted is completely degraded, indicating preferential degradation of the easily desorbed NP. This study provides important insights into the NP degradation mechanism in sediment–water systems, particularly regarding sediment OC structures and microporosity.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
“…As substâncias farmacológicas dos medicamentos veterinários são importantes fontes de tratamento e prevenção de doenças nos animais, porém quando alcançam o meio ambiente podem atuar negativamente sobre as espécies não alvo (BÁRTÍKOVÁ et al, 2016). Grande parte destas substâncias é excretada via fezes e urina pela maioria das espécies de interesse zootécnico, e sabendo que estes resíduos podem ser utilizados como fertilizantes orgânicos, sua aplicação no solo é a principal forma dos medicamentos veterinários entrarem no compartimento terrestre (ZHANG et al, 2016).…”
Avaliar a toxicidade de cipermetrina para organismos não-alvo é uma maneira de entender os efeitos do fármaco no ambiente e desta forma identificar alternativas para o uso mais consciente dele. Esse tipo de avaliação pode ser realizada através de uma ferramenta chamada ecotoxicologia, a qual visa expor organismos ao contaminante e identificar efeitos deletérios. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar do comportamento e reprodução de minhocas Eisenia andrei quando expostas a doses crescentes do medicamento veterinário com seu princípio ativo a base de cipermetrina. O solo utilizado foi Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico contaminado com 0; 1,5; 3 e 6 mg kg-1 de cipermetrina, cada dose foi composta por cinco repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados obtidos demostram que a cipermetrina aplicada até a dose de 6 mg kg-1 no solo não provoca letalidade aos organismos, no entanto, a aplicação de doses de 3 mg kg-1 foi capaz de provocar a redução na taxa de reprodução e, também, induzir a fuga dos organismos dos solos contaminados. Conclui-que há risco ambiental para o solo em função da elevada toxicidade de cipermetrina, sendo necessário seu controle.
“…Three surface sediment samples (B1, A01, and A04) were sequentially fractionated into the demineralized (DM), lipid (LP), lipid free (LF), and acid nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) to obtain the refractory component, as described elsewhere [52]. Briefly, to remove paramagnetic material and enrich the relative OC content in samples, the bulk samples (OS) were tested with 1 N HCl/10% HF to obtain the DM fraction.…”
Section: Sediment Organic Mattermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…C solid NMR spectra in the demineralized carbon (DM), LF, and NHC fractions for the three sediments collected from the Pearl River Delta represent 13 C CP/TOSS NMR spectra of all C. In addition, the spectra resulting from two spectral editing, dipolar dephasing, and CSA are shown in Additional file 1: Figure S2, and described elsewhere [52]. The 13 C CP/TOSS data show that the alkyl carbon components account for 25.6-32.4% of the total organic carbon in the DM fractions ( Table 2).…”
Natural organic matter (NOM) plays important roles in biological, chemical, and physical processes within the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Despite its importance, a clear and exhaustive knowledge on NOM chemistry still lacks. Aiming to prove that advanced solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques may contribute to fill such a gap, in this paper we reported relevant examples of its applicability to NOM components, such as biomass, deposition material, sediments, and kerogen samples. It is found that nonhydrolyzable organic carbons (NHC), chars, and polymethylene carbons are important in the investigated samples. The structure of each of the NHC fractions is similar to that of kerogens, highlighting the importance of selective preservation of NOM to the kerogen origin in the investigated aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, during the artificial maturation experiments of kerogen, the chemical and structural characteristics such as protonated aromatic, nonprotonated carbons, and aromatic cluster size play important roles in the origin and variation of nanoporosity during kerogen maturation.
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