“…The approaches used to reduce porosity seek to optimize the process parameters, such as the nozzle diameter, neutral flame, and spray distance [4]. However, to achieve a dense and well-adhered coating, common post-treatments, such as flame [3,26], furnace [3,26], laser treatment [23,[26][27][28][29], or induction remelting [30], have to be performed. These treatments reduce porosity, homogenize the microstructure, and improve the coating adherence.…”
Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B self-fluxing alloys are commonly used in hardfacing applications; in addition, they are subjected to conditions of wear, corrosion, and high temperatures, but are not used in casting applications. In this work, gravity casting is presented as a potential manufacturing route for these alloys. Three alloys with different chemical compositions were investigated with a focus on microstructure characterization, solidification path, and strengthening mechanisms. Phases and precipitates were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope employing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. Nano- and microhardness indentations were performed at different phases to understand their contribution to the overall hardness of the studied alloys. Hardness measurements were performed at room temperature and high temperature (650 °C). The borides and carbides were the hardest phases in the microstructure, thus contributing significantly to the overall hardness of the alloys. Additional hardening was provided by the presence of hard Ni3B eutectics; however, there was also a small contribution from the solid solution hardening of the γ-Ni dendrites in the high-alloy-grade sample. The amount and size of the different phases and precipitates depended mainly on the contents of the Cr, C, and B of the alloy.
“…The approaches used to reduce porosity seek to optimize the process parameters, such as the nozzle diameter, neutral flame, and spray distance [4]. However, to achieve a dense and well-adhered coating, common post-treatments, such as flame [3,26], furnace [3,26], laser treatment [23,[26][27][28][29], or induction remelting [30], have to be performed. These treatments reduce porosity, homogenize the microstructure, and improve the coating adherence.…”
Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B self-fluxing alloys are commonly used in hardfacing applications; in addition, they are subjected to conditions of wear, corrosion, and high temperatures, but are not used in casting applications. In this work, gravity casting is presented as a potential manufacturing route for these alloys. Three alloys with different chemical compositions were investigated with a focus on microstructure characterization, solidification path, and strengthening mechanisms. Phases and precipitates were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope employing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. Nano- and microhardness indentations were performed at different phases to understand their contribution to the overall hardness of the studied alloys. Hardness measurements were performed at room temperature and high temperature (650 °C). The borides and carbides were the hardest phases in the microstructure, thus contributing significantly to the overall hardness of the alloys. Additional hardening was provided by the presence of hard Ni3B eutectics; however, there was also a small contribution from the solid solution hardening of the γ-Ni dendrites in the high-alloy-grade sample. The amount and size of the different phases and precipitates depended mainly on the contents of the Cr, C, and B of the alloy.
CO2 laser cladding is a type of green remanufacturing technology, which is of many technical advantages in repairing and remanufacturing industry, especially for some large-scale key mining equipment or parts due to its characteristics of high quality, high efficiency and environmental protection (e.g. energy and material saving). In this paper, the chute plate of coal mining scraper is fixed and remanufactured by CO2 laser cladding technique. Ni60, WC, Ni35, IG55 and other composite powders are selected to design and build the gradient functional structure for chute plate in order to improve the reproduced lifetime. A lot of high power low cost CO2 laser cladding tests are carried out on the matrix material (AISI 1040 steel plate) of old attrite chute plate. The optical microscope, SEM, XRD, microhardness test and wear experiment are adopted to analyze the relationships among the laser cladding process, the overlaying composite material, gradient functional structure and mechanical properties of the remanufacturing scraper’s chute plate. The research results show that laser power and scanning speed are the dominant cladding process parameters, which have a significant influence on the geometric dimension (including width and height), dilution rate and hardness of the deposited layer. These composite powders (especially including the rare earth metals) are the key factor to form the gradient functional structure. The laser cladding Ni60 + WC/Ni35/AISI1040 composite gradient functional structure has a reasonable toughness and strength of the transition layer structure, and a high hardness and wear-resistant surface functional layer, so the fixed and remanufactured product has formed good ductile plasticity and wear resistance properties as a result of the gradient functional structure. The unique Ni60 + WC/Ni35/AISI1040 gradient functional structure makes sure that the chute plate of mining scraper has excellent comprehensive performance, which is satisfied with the service requirements of mechanical parts or equipment in the harsh working environment of the mining industry. This research work provides technological guidance for the fix and remanufacturing chute plate, and achieves the goal of low cost, high efficiency and long life reproduced chute plate of mining scraper.
The structure of the surface layers of NiCrBSiC coatings obtained by powder laser cladding and subsequent laser polishing with a multichannel CO 2 laser has been studied. XRD and TEM / STEM showed that the coatings are a γ-Ni matrix with Ni 3 B, Cr 3 C 2 and Ni 3 Si precipitates. It was shown that the matrix of the coating after laser cladding has a high density of dislocations, which form networks. XRD evidences a decrease in the number of the precipitates after laser polishing and TEM / STEM demonstrated a decrease in the density of dislocations and the appearance of nanostructured γ-Ni layers in the form of flat elongated plates. The width of nano-grains is ≈20 nm near the interface and increases with distance from it. Microhardness measurements showed an increase from 4.4 to 5 GPa after laser polishing.
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