Role of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Atopic Dermatitis in Infants

Abstract

To study the association between Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their children.

High genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing patients with epidermolysis bullosa

“…There was no specific correlation between patient age and S. aureus colonization (not shown). In contrast to the patients with EB, 39% of the included healthcare workers carried S. aureus, which closely matches the S. aureus colonization rates in healthy adults (7)(8)(9).…”

“…Up to 86% of the patients with EB tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus (5,6). Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium, which colonizes epithelial surfaces, such as the skin and the anterior nares in 25-37% of healthy adults (7)(8)(9). However, under certain circumstances, including a breach of the skin, S. aureus can become invasive, which may lead to severe infections (10).…”

“…Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in controlling epidermal homoeostasis, hair follicle growth, melanogenesis, wound healing and tumorigenesis (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The activity of BMPs is regulated, in part, by secreted BMP antagonists, including noggin (13).…”

The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012

“…Observations of parent-child interaction and behaviour, such as executive function, heart rate variability, infant-parent attachment, moral development, and compliance with mother and child have been performed at the ages of 14, 36 and 48 months and with father and child at the age of 48 months [240,241]. Biological materials have been collected, including bacterial colonization measured by nasal-and nasopharyngeal swabs at the ages of 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months, cortisol day rhythm measured by repeated salivary samples at the age of 14 months and, if parents give consent, blood samples at the ages of 6, 14 and 24 months [242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251].…”

The Inverse Correlation between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization in Infants Is Not Explained by Differences in Serum Antibody Levels in the Generation R Study

“…The pneumococcus is most common in children and is essentially absent in adults, which is the opposite situation for S. aureus, which is found in the nares of half of the adult population (9). Frequent colonization with these commensal pathogens is associated with bacterial spread at the population level and an increased risk of autoinfection, including respiratory tract infections and atopic dermatitis (1,2,8,19). In two studies performed before a pneumococcal vaccination was performed in the Netherlands, pneumococcal colonization with vaccine-type strains was negatively associated with S. aureus colonization, suggesting interference between the two pathogens (3,12).…”