Role of stakeholders in Nigeria’s tobacco control journey after the FCTC: lessons for tobacco control advocacy in low-income and middle-income countries

Egbe, Catherine O.; Bialous, Stella Aguinaga; Glantz, Stanton A.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054344

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, while there is a substantial body of literature on TII, the majority is based on HICs. [13][14][15] Few articles [16][17][18][19] focus on countering interference and the role of advocates in this. There is a distinct lack of published research on what support advocates need to counter TII successfully.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Needs of LMIC-based tobacco control advocates to counter tobacco industry policy interference: insights from semi-structured interviews

2020

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IntroductionAdvocacy is vital for advancing tobacco control and there has been considerable investment in this area. While much is known about tobacco industry interference (TII), there is little research on advocates’ efforts in countering TII and what they need to succeed. We sought to examine this and focused on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where adoption and implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) tend to remain slower and weaker.MethodWe interviewed 22 advocates from eight LMICs with recent progress in a tobacco control policy. We explored participants’ experiences in countering TII, including the activities they undertake, challenges they encounter and how their efforts could be enhanced. We used Qualitative Description to analyse transcripts and validated findings through participant feedback.ResultsWe identified four main areas of countering activities: (1) generating and compiling data and evidence, (2) accessing policymakers and restricting industry access, (3) working with media and (4) engaging in a national coalition. Each area was linked to challenges, including (1) lack of data, (2) no/weak implementation of FCTC Article 5.3, (3) industry ties with media professionals and (4) advocates’ limited capacity. To address these challenges, participants suggested initiatives, including access to country-specific data, building advocates’ skills in compiling and using such data in research and monitoring, and in coalition development; others aiming at training journalists to question and investigate TII; and finally, diverse interventions intended to advance a whole-of-government approach to tobacco control. Structural changes to tobacco control funding and coordination were suggested to facilitate the proposed measures.ConclusionThis research highlights that following years of investment in tobacco control in LMICs, there is growing confidence in addressing TII. We identify straightforward initiatives that could strengthen such efforts. This research also underscores that more structural changes to enhance tobacco control capacity building should be considered.

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Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informed by the existing peer-reviewed literature on TII, and particularly that on countering TII and advocates' role, [16][17][18][19] we developed the interview guide. It explored participants' experiences of countering TII and their views on what could facilitate CSOs' efforts in this regard in their country.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needs of LMIC-based tobacco control advocates to counter tobacco industry policy interference: insights from semi-structured interviews

2020

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“… 49 Also, the MPOWER program introduced by WHO in 2008 with funding from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Bloomberg Philanthropies has been effective in promoting tobacco demand reduction policies. 34–36 , 50 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Implementation of Tobacco Demand Reduction Measures Specified in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Hiilamo

Glantz

2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Objectives The world first global health treaty, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) aims to reduce tobacco product demand by focusing on tobacco taxes, smoking bans, health warning labels and tobacco advertising bans. Previous studies almost unanimously suggest that FCTC has prompted countries to implement more effective tobacco demand reduction policies. By taking into account the pre-FCTC status, country income level and state capacity we studied if ratifying FCTC was associated with tobacco demand reduction measures in 2018/2019. Methods We used logistic regression to assess the association of FCTC ratification with adoption demand reduction measures, accounting for years since ratification, baseline status and other covariates. Results Except for taxes, state of tobacco policy implementation before FCTC ratification did not predict adoption of FCTC policies. Time since FCTC ratification was associated with implementing smoking bans and pictorial HWLs. In contrast, while the tax rate prior to FCTC ratification was positively associated with increased taxes after FCTC ratification, time since FCTC ratification was marginally negatively associated with increases in tobacco taxes. Conclusions While the FCTC was followed by implementation of compliant demand reduction policies, there are still many parties that have not implemented the FCTC, particularly increasing taxes and ending tobacco advertising and promotions. Implications We assessed changes in tobacco demand reductions measures over 22 years in 193 countries.By using internal tobacco industry documents, we were able establish a baseline before the FCTC negotiations.Unlike previous studies we included four tobacco demand reductions measures: tobacco taxes, smoking bans, health warning labels and tobacco advertising ban, The limitation of the study is that we do not have data to describe if demand reduction measures are actually enforced or what their effect on tobacco consumption is.

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“…In Nigeria, some policymakers were enlisted to stall legislative procedure on the National Tobacco Control Act 2015. 15 In South Africa, some officials of the 'Hawks' (special anticorruption unit within the police service), the South African Police Service, the South African Revenue Services and other government parastatals were implicated in a case of 'advancing the interest of commercial enterprises' including the tobacco industry. 16 In some East African countries, policymakers were reported to have collected bribes to advance the position of the tobacco industry both at country and international levels.…”

Section: Ssa's Tc Policy and Advocacy Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape of tobacco control in sub-Saharan Africa

Egbe

Magati

Wanyonyi³

et al. 2022

Tob Control

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Yearly, tobacco use kills about 8 million people globally, 80% of whom live in low/middle-income countries. Given sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) rapidly increasing and youthful population, growing incomes and the increased presence of the tobacco industry, the number of tobacco users is growing. The region is predicted to face a heavier burden of tobacco-related diseases and deaths in the future. We examined the policy, advocacy, economic and media landscapes of tobacco control as well as tobacco industry interference in SSA. We also highlighted key challenges and priorities for intervention in the region. Their vast financial power has enabled transnational tobacco companies to interfere in tobacco control and slow down policy implementation efforts in SSA. Despite recent gains, inadequate investment in tobacco control has prevented effective tobacco control implementation in SSA. Other challenges include limited locally generated evidence and limited support from mainstream media to back policy and advocacy efforts. Finally, taxation, which is one of the most effective tools for tobacco control, is not yet adequately used in SSA partly due to non-harmonised taxation rates as well as exaggerated and false claims about the potential impacts of increasing taxes, especially that it will increase smuggling. Key priorities to address these challenges include continued strategic funding, capacity building of government and advocacy personnel to strengthen tobacco control governance, regional and institutional cooperation, harmonisation of subregional tax policies, cooperation among international funders, and increased industry monitoring and research in SSA.

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Role of stakeholders in Nigeria’s tobacco control journey after the FCTC: lessons for tobacco control advocacy in low-income and middle-income countries

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Needs of LMIC-based tobacco control advocates to counter tobacco industry policy interference: insights from semi-structured interviews

Needs of LMIC-based tobacco control advocates to counter tobacco industry policy interference: insights from semi-structured interviews

Global Implementation of Tobacco Demand Reduction Measures Specified in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Landscape of tobacco control in sub-Saharan Africa

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