Role of Spermine in the Cytotoxic Effects of Seminal Plasma

Allen, R.D.; Roberts, Timothy K.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1987.tb00080.x

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…contributed to by spermine [52]. Such effects were minimized by using for titrations of virus infectivity pellets after precipitation with 3% PEG or after centrifugation (14,000 rpm for 1 h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-HIV-1 activity of anionic polymers: a comparative study of candidate microbicides

Neurath

Strick

2002

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) in soluble form blocks coreceptor binding sites on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and elicits gp41 six-helix bundle formation, processes involved in virus inactivation. CAP is not soluble at pH < 5.5, normal for microbicide target sites. Therefore, the interaction between insoluble micronized CAP and HIV-1 was studied. Carbomer 974P/BufferGel; carrageenan; cellulose sulfate; dextran/dextrin sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) are also being considered as anti-HIV-1 microbicides, and their antiviral properties were compared with those of CAP.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-HIV-1 activity of anionic polymers: a comparative study of candidate microbicides

Neurath

Strick

2002

BMC Infect Dis

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“…It oxidizes polyamines at a 2.5-fold higher rate than benzylamine and does not oxidize putrescine and cadaverine (15). Therefore, it was used as a PAO (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased polyamines may downregulate interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis.

Flescher¹,

Bowlin²,

Ballester³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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Polyamines downregulate immune reactivity. RA is associated with decreased IL 2 production. In this study, we present evidence to suggest that excessive polyamines can contribute to the IL 2 deficiency in RA. Blocking polyamine production with inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase results in increased IL 2 production by RA PBMC. Moreover, polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors and catalase also increase IL 2 production by RA PBMC. This effect of PAO inhibition is monocyte mediated.After 3 d in culture, RA PBMC produce three times more IL 2 than do normal PBMC. This rise is prevented by exogenous spermidine but only in the presence of monocytes. The concentration of polyamines in RA PBMC and synovial fluid MNC is 2-20-fold higher than in normal cells.Thus, polyamines and their oxidation products downregulate IL 2 production by RA PBMC and may account for the decreased T cell effector function seen in this disease.

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“…Spermine is present in millimolar concentrations in human seminal plasma (Agostinelli et al, 2007). Supplementation of lymphocyte cultures with spermine leads to a cytotoxic effect that mimics that seen after addition of seminal plasma (Allen and Roberts, 1987). Spermine inhibits LAK cell activity directed against cervical carcinoma cells by up to 60% at concentrations exceeding 10 nM (Evans et al, 1995).…”

Section: Immune Privilege For Semen and Sperm In The Female Reproductmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestations of immune tolerance in the human female reproductive tract

Clark¹,

Schust²

2013

Front. Immun.

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Like other mucosal surfaces (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract), the human female reproductive tract acts as an initial barrier to foreign antigens. In this role, the epithelial surface and subepithelial immune cells must balance protection against pathogenic insults against harmful inflammatory reactions and acceptance of particular foreign antigens. Two common examples of these acceptable foreign antigens are the fetal allograft and human semen/sperm. Both are purposely deposited into the female genital tract and appropriate immunologic response to these non-self antigens is essential to the survival of the species. In light of the weight of this task, it is not surprising that multiple, redundant and overlapping mechanisms are involved. For instance, cells at the immunologic interface between self (female reproductive tract epithelium) and non-self (placental trophoblast cells or human sperm) express glycosylation patterns that mimic those on many metastatic cancer cells and successful pathogens. The cytokine/chemokine milieu at this interface is altered through endocrine and immunologic mechanisms to favor tolerance of non-self. The “foreign” cells themselves also play an integral role in their own immunologic acceptance, since sperm and placental trophoblast cells are unusual and unique in their antigen presenting molecule expression patterns. Here, we will discuss these and other mechanisms that allow the human female reproductive tract to perform this delicate and indispensible balancing act.

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Role of Spermine in the Cytotoxic Effects of Seminal Plasma

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Anti-HIV-1 activity of anionic polymers: a comparative study of candidate microbicides

Anti-HIV-1 activity of anionic polymers: a comparative study of candidate microbicides

Increased polyamines may downregulate interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis.

Manifestations of immune tolerance in the human female reproductive tract

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