Role of sp3/sp2 ratio on the electrocatalytic properties of boron-doped diamond electrodes: A mini review

Nature, Mechanisms and Reactivity of Electrogenerated Reactive Species at Thin‐Film Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes During Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment

“…[45] The sp 2 content (graphitic carbon impurity) of diamond affects several of its electrochemical properties such as voltammetry background current, potential window and molecular adsorption. [46][47][48][49] Comninellis' group [50][51][52] has shown that the sp 2 -carbon deposited on the electrode surface promotes: (i) the outer-sphere reaction by acting as charge-transfer mediator between the redox couple and the electrode surface, (ii) decreased the electrode activity during anodic polarization due to corrosion of the graphitic (sp 2 ) active species contained on the electrode surface ( Figure 1) and (iii) lower the electrochemical activity of the BDD, as the active hydroxyl radicals generated at the electrode surface during anodic treatment, is the responsible for the anodic striping of sp 2 states. [46][47][48][49] Comninellis' group [50][51][52] has shown that the sp 2 -carbon deposited on the electrode surface promotes: (i) the outer-sphere reaction by acting as charge-transfer mediator between the redox couple and the electrode surface, (ii) decreased the electrode activity during anodic polarization due to corrosion of the graphitic (sp 2 ) active species contained on the electrode surface ( Figure 1) and (iii) lower the electrochemical activity of the BDD, as the active hydroxyl radicals generated at the electrode surface during anodic treatment, is the responsible for the anodic striping of sp 2 states.…”

“…[54][55][56] The high overpotential for hydrogen and oxygen evolution properties of BDD are attributed, at least in part, to the limited adsorption of the intermediate species on the diamond. [49,50,59] Several authors have reported that higher sp 3 /sp 2 ratio in BDD electrode led to enhanced degradation and mineralization of different organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (Figure 2), [60] 2,4-dichlorophenoxylacetic acid, [61] Aniline [62] and enrofloxacin [63] during electrooxidation process. In essence, the capacity of thin film BDD electrode for the production of hydroxyl radicals and in turn, its efficiency for degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants in electrochemical oxidation decreases with an increase on the sp 2 /graphitic carbon content.…”

Electrochemical treatment of aqueous solutions of catechol by various electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: Effect of the process and of operating parameters

“…Consequently, the formers are more available and more reactive for oxidation of organics than the latter. Furthermore, in the case of BDD, sulphate ions from the supporting electrolyte can be oxidized to persulphate ions which can contribute to the oxidation of organics [19]. To evaluate the effect of current density on the oxidation of catechol at BDD, various experiments were performed at 5, 10, 20 and 30 mA/cm 2 .…”

“…The first is characterized by lower cost, higher surface due to internal porosity, but lower efficacy for the anodic abatement of many organics. Conversely, BDD presents a higher cost, but it is considered the most effective anode for the mineralization of organic pollutants [3,19,20]. A first series of electrolyses was carried out with the two electrodes at both 10 and 20 mA/cm 2 , an initial pH close to 5.5 with an initial concentration of catechol of 0.45 mM.…”

Green Electroanalytical Method for Fast Measurement of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat

“…2 The BDDE possesses environmentally favorable features and exhibits several interesting electroanalytical attributes, for instance low and stable background current over a wide potential range, corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity and high current densities, low sensitivity to dissolved oxygen, resistance to fouling because of weak adsorption of polar species on the H-and O-terminated surface, and good responsiveness for many redox analytes without pretreatment. [3][4][5][6][7] The electrochemical sensing is an essential technique in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. 8 Febuxostat (FBX) is a novel non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor (inset of Fig.…”