Role of Solvent Used in Development of Graphene Oxide Coating on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy: Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility Analysis

Abstract

Clinical applications of bio-absorbable magnesium (Mg) and its alloys can be enhanced by increasing their corrosion resistance, using surface modification and functionality. In this study, we synthesized graphene oxide (GO) through improved Hummers’ method and deposited it on biodegradable AZ31B Mg alloy for further characterization. Different suspensions of GO were prepared in various solvents, like deionized water, ethanol, and acetone by ultra-sonication. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to develop GO coatings on AZ31B Mg using different GO suspensions. Effect of various solvents on corrosion behavior, as well as in vitro biocompatibility, was studied. The optimized EPD parameters were 3 volts and 90 s for coating. Different characterization techniques were used to study GO and prepared coatings. Atomic force microscopy found that the average thickness of GO was ~1 nm. Electrochemical behavior of coatings was studied through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel analysis in Ringer’s lactate solution. Tafel analysis revealed that GO coatings deposited by GO water suspension increased corrosion protection efficiency of AZ31B Mg alloy by ~94%. After 72 h incubation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells extract, in vitro analysis was performed to determine the cell viability and biocompatibility of the GO- coated and bare Mg samples. GO coatings deposited by GO water suspension demonstrated ~2× cell viability, as well as nontoxicity and better biocompatibility compared to the bare and other GO-coated Mg samples.

A Superior Corrosion Protection of Mg Alloy via Smart Nontoxic Hybrid Inhibitor-Containing Coatings

“…[ 5 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], alloying [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], and formation of protective bioactive coatings. Several methods are known for applying such protective layers, for example, sol-gel technology [ 24 , 25 ], layer-by-layer deposition (polyelectrolyte multilayers) [ 26 , 27 ], hydrothermal deposition [ 28 , 29 ], plasma spraying [ 30 , 31 ], laser cladding [ 32 ], electrochemical [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] and chemical [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] deposition, cold sprayed deposition, etc. [ 40 ].…”

Improvement of Hybrid Electrode Material Synthesis for Energy Accumulators Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Porous Structures

“…They can be used for high-efficiency lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and other types of energy storage and conversion devices [ 3 , 4 ]. The important properties of these materials, which determine their scope of application, are chemical inertness, large specific surface area, low toxicity, and a wide range of operating temperatures [ 9 ]. Such accumulators and supercapacitors can be used in various industrial and technical devices [ 4 ].…”

“…Dispersion in an aqueous solution with ultrasonic (US) treatment made it possible to obtain [ 9 ] hybrid material. The authors took graphene oxide and multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as the basis.…”

“…The solution was then vacuum-filtered through a membrane filter. The mass ratios of the components of the hybrid material based on graphene oxide and MWNT were 2:1 and 1:1, respectively [ 9 ]. The initial graphene oxide and hybrid material were investigated in Li-ion intercalation.…”

“…The initial graphene oxide and hybrid material were investigated in Li-ion intercalation. The graphene oxide/MUNT composition (2:1) showed the best reversible specific capacity at the first cycle of 439 mAh/g and a high efficiency of 98.5% (429 mAh/g specific capacity after 100 cycles) compared to the graphene oxide/MUNT composition (1:1) (548 mAh/g in the first cycle) with a specific capacity of 401 mAh/g after 100 cycles (97.6% efficiency) and with the original graphene oxide (431.9 mAh/g at the first cycle, 90.1% efficiency at 100 cycles) at 372 mA/g current density [ 9 ].…”