Role of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) as seed dispersal agent in a Sumatran lowland tropical forest

ADYN, MUHAMMAD FARHAN; Sibarani, Marsya Christyanti; Utoyo, Laji; SURYA, RIKHA ARYANIE; Sedayu, Agung

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d230445

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The dominant food given by animal caretakers is fruit. This is because siamang is a frugivorous animal whose primary food is fruit to meet its nutritional needs [12]. The parts of the plant consumed by siamang are varied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feeding behavior and food preferences of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor

Dewi,

Iskandar,

Perwitasari-Farajallah

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) is a diurnal primate that belongs to the endangered category, according to the IUCN. Siamangs are classified as arboreal and frugivorous animals that selectively choose food. Siamang’s food preferences tend to be determined by the fruit availability in its habitat. One of the efforts to protect siamangs is ex-situ conservation. Feeding in ex-situ conservation should be adjusted to provide in their natural habitat. This study aims to identify siamang’s feeding behavior and food preferences in one of the ex-situ conservation facilities, namely Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. The objects of observation consisted of two adult males, one adult female, and one sub-adult female. The methods used were instantaneous sampling, focal animal sampling, and ad-libitum sampling—statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. The frequency and duration of siamang feeding behavior differed significantly between age classes, while no difference was based on sex. Food preferences among individuals are influenced by gender. Males prefer fruits such as apples and salak over vegetables, while females prefer soft-stemmed vegetables, namely water spinach and spinach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feeding behavior and food preferences of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor

Dewi,

Iskandar,

Perwitasari-Farajallah

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The largest D. celebica tree in the Karst forest had only reached a diameter of 26.56 cm and was starting to bear fruit. The slight uptick in the population of several primary tree species in the Karst forest, including D. celebica, Diospyros spp., S. lanceolata, and G. balica, came from the germination of seeds brought by dispersal agents to this area (Corlett and Hau 2000;Adyn et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

PUTRA,

YAMADA,

ACHMAD

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Putra PS, Yamada T, Achmad A, Nasri N, Hamzah AS, Ngakan PO. 2023. Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5065-5073. Degraded forests experience dynamics that drive them towards stable ecological conditions as a result of the succession process. Understanding the dynamics of forests through succession is a requirement for secondary forest management activities. The purpose of this research was to uncover the dynamics of population, species composition, and dominance in three secondary tropical forest communities: (i) Karst forest, (ii) Lowland forest, and (iii) Pinus merkusii plantation forest. Permanent plots with areas tailored to the richness of each forest community were constructed, and vegetation studies were conducted annually from 2019 to 2022. The results revealed that the ten most dominant species in each plot shared only one species. The rest were exclusive to a single community. During the four years of research, 25 out of a total of 90 species (Karst), 27 out of a total of 68 species (Lowland), and 12 out of a total of 43 species (Pine) experienced dynamics in the form of an increase or decrease in population. Tree density decreased in the Karst plot and fluctuated slightly in the Lowland and Pine forest plots. Meanwhile, the basal area cover continued to increase during the 4 years of observation. Comparing age and pre-succession land use history, soil type and restoration history appear dominant in determining the forest dynamics.

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“…Other studies have also shown that seed dispersal distance is affected by the degree of habitat fragmentation (Nield et al 2020). In the case of gibbon dispersal, the average distance of seeds that can be spread is about 223.9 m from the parent tree (Adyn et al 2022). These descriptions are one of the reasons the number of species and the density of individual trees and their young are higher in pine forests adjacent to natural forests than those far from natural forests.…”

Section: The Relations Of the Existence Of Natural Forest And Vegetat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree species diversity adapted to Pinus merkusii forests in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia

SUPARTONO,

ADHYA,

KOSASIH

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Supartono T, Adhya I, Kosasih D, Wildani W. 2023. Tree species diversity adapted to Pinus merkusii forests in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4314-4323. One of the challenges faced in rehabilitating pine forests in conservation areas is the limited information on plant species capable of adapting to these ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of tree species that grow and adapt to pine forests and the relationship of natural forests with the vegetation characteristics of pine forests. The research was conducted in pine forests bordering natural forests and far from natural forests using the sample plot method. The study recorded 44 species from 27 families of seedlings, 46 species from 21 families of saplings, 25 species from 18 families of poles, and 24 species from 17 families of trees. Accumulation of species from all growth stages recorded 83 species (76 local species and 7 cultivated species) from 39 families. Based on the species accumulation curve, pine forests adjacent to natural forests have more species than those far from natural forests. Individual and family density in pine forests adjacent to natural forests were also higher than the density of these two variables in pine forests far from natural forests. Furthermore, both the pine forest adjacent to the natural forest and that far from the natural forest, each has its own species peculiarities. The results indicate that the existence of natural forests has an important role as a source of biodiversity for the surrounding ecosystem. As an implication of this study, species that can grow to the level of poles and trees can be recommended as rehabilitation plants in the Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese forests in Gunung Ciremai National Park, Indonesia because pine is not a local species and the allelopathy it releases can reduce plant diversity.

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Role of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) as seed dispersal agent in a Sumatran lowland tropical forest

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

The feeding behavior and food preferences of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor

The feeding behavior and food preferences of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor

Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Tree species diversity adapted to Pinus merkusii forests in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia

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