Role of Sex Hormones in Albumen Secretion by the Oviduct of Chickens

Brant, John; Nalbandov, A. V.

doi:10.3382/ps.0350692

Cited by 129 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The synthesis and secretion of albumen by the oviduct is also, in part, controlled by estrogens (Brant and Nalbandov 1956;Palmiter 1971). Although administration of estradiol to egg-laying females can increase levels of yolk precursors and stimulate oviduct development (Williams and Martyniuk 2000), it does not appear to affect egg size (Christians and Williams 1999;Von Engelhardt et al 2004), whereas treatment with an antiestrogen results in the production of smaller eggs (Wagner and Williams 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Maternal State on the Steroid and Macronutrient Content of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Eggs

Verboven

Monaghan²,

Nager³

et al. 2010

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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It has been proposed that female birds can influence the phenotype of their offspring by provisioning eggs with variable amounts of nutrients and maternal hormones. Egg quality is strongly influenced by maternal body reserves and the amount of food available at the time of egg formation. This study investigated the effects of maternal state and food availability on the capacity of female lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to provision their eggs with macronutrients and steroid hormones. Maternal state was reduced by increasing egg-production effort, whereas extra food was provided to reverse this effect. Compared with eggs of first clutches, eggs of experimentally induced replacement clutches exhibited a lower yolk/albumen ratio and contained more yolk testosterone. During one of the three years in which the study was performed, replacement eggs also contained more 17β-estradiol. Food provisioning during the relaying interval did not affect changes in yolk/albumen ratio or steroid concentrations, but fed females produced bigger eggs in their replacement clutch. This study demonstrates significant within-female consistency in egg size, macronutrient content, and yolk steroid concentration, and it shows that these egg characteristics are influenced by maternal state, food availability, and the timing of breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Maternal State on the Steroid and Macronutrient Content of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Eggs

Verboven

Monaghan²,

Nager³

et al. 2010

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Using this method, we have measured the number of initiation sites available to saturating concentrations of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on chick oviduct chromatin isolated from different developmental stages of primary estrogen treatment. An increase in initiation sites for RNA synthesis correlated well with the increased growth and differentiation of the chick oviduct seen during primary estrogen stimulation (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of estrogen on gene expression in chick oviduct: nuclear receptor levels and initiation of transcription.

Tsai¹,

Tsai²,

Schwartz³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Estrogen (diethylstilbesterol) was administered in vivo to chicks for various time periods. Chromatin was then prepared from oviduct nuclei and assayed for its capacity to support initiation of RNA chain synthesis in vitro in the presence of saturating levels of Escierichia coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransfera'se; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6). These same nuclei were also assayed by a [3H]estradiol exchange assay for their endogenous receptor content. The number of available initiation sites for RNA synthesis on chromatin was shown to correlate with the endogenous levels of nuelear' estrogen receptor. A decrease in the nuclear concentration of estrogen receptor molecules and the concentration of initiation sites for RNA synthesis. occurred during withdrawal of estrogen from previously stimulated chicks. Both parameters declined with a similar half-life. When estrogen was readministered to withdrawn chicks, the number of initiation sites increased 2-fold as early as 30 min and approached a maximal level (3-fold) by 1 hr. During this same period of restimulation with estrogen, the number of estrogen receptor molecules bound to nuclei increased to a maximum at 20 min and then declined at 1 hr to a steady-state level 2-fold higher than the withdrawn chicks. Simultaneous measurements of RNA chain length and RNA chain propagation rate' demonstrated that these parameters remained relatively constant throughout estrogen withdrawal as well as secondary stimulation. The temporal correlation between changes in the levels of nuclear-bound estrogen receptor and the number of RNA chain initiation sites on chromatin prepared from these same nuclei strongly suggested that the hormone receptor complexes act on-chromatin to mediate these changes in genetic transcriptional activity.The steroid hormone-mediated induction of RNA and specific protein synthesis in target tissues has been well documented (1-4). In recent years, this laboratory has demonstrated that specific messenger RNAs are induced prior to accumulation of specific proteins during estrogen-mediated growth and differentiation of the chick oviduct (7,9 MATERIALS AND METHODSAll materials and reagents were identical to those described previously (15,16). Chick chromatin was prepared as previously described (22,15). Under these conditions, estrogen receptor tightly bound to chromatin remained intact.(a) Measurement of RNA Initiation Sites on Chromatin. E.-coli RNA polymerase wa's purified according to the method of Bautz and Dunn (23) and stored at -20°in 0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.9, 0.01 M MgCl2, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM EDTA, and 50% glycerol at a concentration of 10 mg/ ml. The' dilution buffer for E. coli RNA polymerase contained 1 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin. E. coli RNA polymerase was first incubated with 5 ,gg of chromatin at 370 for 15 min as described by Tsai et al. (15

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“…Estrogens cause a marked increase in oviduct weight in newborn and older chicks (11) and stimulate increases in tissue levels of major egg white proteins such as ovalbumins and lysozyme. However, in the estrogen-stimulated chick oviduct, one major Md. In vivo studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the mechanism of action of progesterone in regulation of the synthesis of specific protein

O’Malley¹,

McGuire²

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B ST RA CT To study the process of hormone action, we have developed an in vitro system utilizing minced oviduct from estrogen-treated chicks incubated in tissue culture medium. Progesterone added to the medium induced synthesis of a specific protein, avidin, that continued for up to 96 hr. During this period there was no increase in total oviduct protein, ovalbumin, or lysozyme, which suggests the specificity of the progesterone effect. The induction process was dependent on new protein synthesis, since cycloheximide inhibited the induction completely. Actinomycin D in doses that prevented nuclear RNA synthesis, but not general protein synthesis, inhibited avidin production 70-90%. Avidin synthesis was not affected by 5-fluorouracil. The rate of DNA synthesis examined by thymidine-3H pulse labeling was not stimulated during avidin induction. Hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) and colchicine (a mitotic inhibitor) did not prevent induction. Studies utilizing uridine-3H pulses showed an effect on rapdly labeled nuclear RNA coincident with induction. Nuclear RNA polymerase activity increased before avidin induction. Since avidin was the only new protein synthesized in response to progesterone, the early stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis and RNA polymerase activity would suggest a mechanism of action for this steroid at the transcription level of protein synthesis.

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Role of Sex Hormones in Albumen Secretion by the Oviduct of Chickens

Cited by 129 publications

References 9 publications

The Effect of Maternal State on the Steroid and Macronutrient Content of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Eggs

The Effect of Maternal State on the Steroid and Macronutrient Content of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Eggs

Effects of estrogen on gene expression in chick oviduct: nuclear receptor levels and initiation of transcription.

Studies on the mechanism of action of progesterone in regulation of the synthesis of specific protein

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