Role of RIGI, MDA5 and interferon alpha of duck in Duck Plague infection – a novel report

Abstract

Duck Plague (DP) or Duck viral enteritis is an acute contagious and highly fatal disease in water fowl commonly caused by Anatidalphavirus-1 belonging from Herpesviridae family and contains double stranded DNA as genetic material. Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)s when identified by Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PRR)s acts as effective immunity system action against the pathogen. Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) and Retionic Acid Inducible Gene I (RIG1) are protein sensor commonly sense for viral double stranded RNA and helps for pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)s have important role in immune response. The current study depicts the important role of three important immune response genes as RIGI, MDA5 and INFalpha in duck plague infestation for the first time. In silico studies followed by differential mRNA expression of RIG1, MDA5 and INFalpha was employed to detect effectiveness of gut associated immune responsiveness in liver, where kupfer cells are the major immune response cells. This was further confirmed through histological section of liver, kupfer cell and immunohistochemistry. This will be helpful to identify molecular mechanism of host innate immunity through duck plague virus infection in indigenous duck. This information may be helful for production of duck with the inherent resistance against duck plague virus infection through suitable biotechnological approaches as gene editing.Due to this inherent nature of better immunity in terms of resistance to other common avian diseases, duck will evolve as one of the major sustainable poultry species.The current study explores the scope to study host immunity against herpes virus in animal model.

Genomics for reproduction in Anas platyrynchos-a novel report

“…Each sample was run in duplicate. Analysis of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed by delta-delta-Ct (ΔΔCt) method 31,2,4,38,39,42 .…”

“…A remarkable feature of indigenous ducks has been observed that they are even better resistant to avian influenza virus with explored molecular basis 1 . Immune response genes were identified in Bengal duck providing host resistance against duck plague 2 . Biochemical and haematological characterization has already been studied by our group 3 .…”

Untargeted metabolomics of the intestinal tract of DEV-infected ducks

“…Untargeted metabolomics uses LC‒MS, GC‒MS, NMR and other techniques to detect all small molecule metabolites (mainly endogenous small molecule compounds with a relative molecular weight less than 1000 Da) in cells, tissues, organs or organisms without bias, dynamic changes before and after stimulation or interference, screening differentially abundant metabolites through bioinformatics analysis, and conducting pathway analysis on differentially abundant metabolites to reveal the physiological mechanism of their changes [ 6 ]. At present, scholars at home and abroad have not stopped research on DEV, but they are all basic research, and the material changes in the development of the pathogenic mechanism of DEV are less involved, especially metabolome sequencing of the host's anti-viral infection response analysis [ 7 ]. At present, our laboratory has completed transcriptome sequencing of DEV-infected duck duodenum and high-throughput sequencing of the duodenum, although metabolome sequencing technology has been widely used in drug research and development or different stages of livestock and poultry as well as outside world substance changes under changing conditions.…”

Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing- a novel approach for studying Phylogenomics for Anas platyrynchos

“…We have explored the genomics for duck in terms of innate immune response genes 4-10 . We have explored duck immune response genes against duck plague infection 11-12 .…”