Role of Resistin in Various Diseases with Special Emphasis on Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation – A Review

Abstract

Resistin is a small adipocyte-specific secretory hormone molecule. It has been associated with a number of cellular and metabolic processes. It has also been essentially implicated to have a vital role in the interplay between insulin resistance, obesity, and type II diabetes. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated an association between many pathological illnesses with elevated serum resistin levels. It has also been shown to affect and modulate various molecular processes such as atherosclerosis, cancer cell metabolism, and inflammation. Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease affecting human beings. Periapical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that manifests as a sequela of untreated dental caries. Therefore, in this article, we summarize the divergent physiological roles played by resistin and its association with the mechanism of various pathologies. Moreover, current scientific studies discussing its association and role in common dental pathologies, periodontitis, and apical periodontitis are reviewed.

The rs1862513 promoter variant of resistin gene influences susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Resistin is also implicated in inflammatory processes as a proinflammatory factor in liver fibrogenesis and upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL6, IL12, and MCP-1 in monocytes, macrophages, and hepatic cells through the NF-κB pathway. Resistin also enhances the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β via MEK and ERK signaling pathways by inhibiting some microRNAs 8 , 22 , 23 , Consequently, a growing body of evidence corroborates the hypothesis that resistin and its gene, RETN , may play a role in the development and progression of NAFLD, and the finding of the present study that the −420C>G polymorphism of RETN gene is associated with NAFLD is in line with the above evidence. Notwithstanding these findings, however, the exact molecular mechanism through which the −420C>G variant affects the function of RETN gene is largely undetermined and needs to be fully elucidated.…”

“…It is predominantly secreted by macrophages and adipocytes and has a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. Resistin inhibits the ability of insulin to stimulate cellular glucose uptake and links obesity to insulin resistance 8 . IR, obesity, and NAFLD are all associated with alterations in circulating resistin levels.…”